Reproduction is part of the regulations of daily speech. Everyday experience shows there are different ways to convey the same information: starting sentences that are quickly rephrased using other words, manuscripts passing through draft states before the writer decides upon the final version. In more ways than one, any text is always but the…

Examples are given to show that content sampling may be considered a form of operationalism in defining constructs. Five conditions are proposed as necessary if one is to accept the use of a measuring instrument as a valid operational definition on the basis of content sampling alone. (Author/RC)

An analysis of the forms of address sections of 10 secretarial handbooks found that forms of address for religious, military, governmental, diplomatic, academic, and professional individuals were covered. Gaps in coverage were noted; women, certain ethnic groups, and some religions were poorly represented. (11 references) (MES)

Compares the coverage of science in two groups of daily newspapers to see how the addition of a science news page influences coverage. Finds an increase in the number of science stories, more illustration, and a tendency to group basic science and technology stories in the special section. (RS)

Children's picture storybooks are rife with contradictory representations of teachers and school. Some of those images are fairly accurate. Some of those images are quite disparate from reality. These representations become subsumed into the collective consciousness of a society and shape expectations and behaviors of both students and teachers.…

Objectives: The objectives were to investigate the operational requirements for offering healthful vended reimbursable lunches to students and to identify barriers to implementation. Methods: A descriptive case study method was utilized to explore the operations of two school nutrition programs offering vended reimbursable lunches. Two school…

The more than 4,000 "chats" received by the University of Central Florida's (UCF) Ask-A-Librarian digital reference service are the subject of this practitioner-based, descriptive case study. Question content from chats received during four semesters between January 2005 and May 2006 are categorized and plotted, by semester, to show the…

The purpose of the present study was to identify the characteristics of music used to accompany physical exercise and investigate the effects of such music using a qualitative approach. This work underpins the further development of a theoretical structure that is still relatively new. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of…

Robert Fraser summarizes Ayi Kwei Armah's comments on the colonized educated African elite, as expressed in Armah's essay, "African Socialism, Utopian or Scientific?", as follows: After decades of domination the natives have developed massive inferiority feelings which manifest themselves in an acute dependency on their masters (Fraser,…

Objectives: Referral to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a common continuing care recommendation. Evidence suggests some youth benefit, yet, despite referrals, youth participation is low. Little is known about adolescents' experiences of AA/NA. Greater knowledge would inform and help tailor aftercare recommendations.…

Young adult information needs related to HIV/AIDS persist. However, in recent years, little has been written in either the research or the professional literature in library and information science about the HIV/AIDS information needs of youth. This article reports on a content analysis of young adult novels written in English between 1995 and…

In the present study cross-age peer tutoring was implemented in a higher education context. Fourth-year students (N=39) operated as online tutors to support freshmen in discussing cases and solving authentic problems. This study contributes to a better understanding of the supportive interventions of tutors in asynchronous discussion groups. Peer…

Each winter, the best collegiate football programs compete in the Bowl Championship Series. in addition to showcasing their prowess of the field, each school is afforded opportunities to highlight other aspects of their institution in the form of advertising spots. The current study analyzed each of these spots for the 43 university participants…

Visual inspection of data is a common method for understanding, responding to, and communicating important behavior-environment relations in single-subject research. In a field that was once dominated by cumulative, moment-to-moment records of behavior, a number of graphic forms currently exist that aggregate data into larger units. In this…