Reports four experiments which contrast the levels-of-processing perspective (holding that the durability of memory traces is a function of the depth to which items are processed) with the transfer-appropriate-processing perspective (holding that encoded events are always represented in a semantic memory code). (MM)

Proposes a "partial explanatory" model of document processing. Describes research underlying the model, presents a grammar of documents, defines and illustrates the variables underlying the model using a set of tasks relating to a bus schedule, and demonstrates the advantages of explanatory over exploratory models of document processing. (SR)

During the 1970s, schema theory gained prominence as reading researchers took up early work by cognitive scientists to explore the role of schemas in reading. In the 1980s and '90s, the field shifted as researchers increasingly used sociocultural theories, particularly the work of L. S. Vygotsky, to frame investigations of literacy. This article…

This study assesses reading processes and/or strategies needed to deploy deep processing that could push learners towards syntactic-based constructions in L2 classrooms. Research has found L2 acquisition to present varying degrees of success and/or fossilization (Bley-Vroman 1989, Birdsong 1992 and Sharwood Smith 1994). For example, learners have…

Critical literacy's synonym is analytical reading. When analytical skills are employed, there is a thorough investigation so that all components are taken into account. When a reader analyzes a piece of text or other media, he/she must look at all of its components, starting with why it was written, whom it includes and excludes, and…

When teachers ask their students to read something in class, they often encounter students who just wait for everyone else to finish reading before they do. These type of students are the ones most likely to dislike reading and they are just content to wait it out. Teachers may counteract this by requiring students to answer questions in writing…

The present study investigated whether the balance of neighborhood distribution (i.e., the way orthographic neighbors are spread across letter positions) influences visual word recognition. Three word conditions were compared. Word neighbors were either concentrated on one letter position (e.g.,nasse/basse-lasse-tasse-masse) or were unequally…

Theories of literacy acquisition, developed mostly with reference to English, have characterised this process as passing through a series of stages. The culmination of this process is a strategy which takes account of the complex relationship between graphemes and phonemes within a deep orthography (Frith (1985). In K. Patterson, & M. Coltheart,…

The present study investigates university preparatory school teachers' views about and approaches to reading instruction and reading strategies. Fifty instructors who work at preparatory schools of Cag University, Cukurova University and Mersin University in Turkey participated in the study. To investigate instructors' views about and approaches…

In a sample of 135 Norwegian education undergraduates, we examined the effects of topic-specific epistemic beliefs concerning the simplicity and source of knowledge on deep-level understanding of multiple expository texts about the same topic--climate change. The results showed that students holding sophisticated simplicity beliefs, viewing…

The masked priming paradigm was used to examine the role of the root and verb pattern morphemes in lexical access within the verb system of Arabic. Three groups participated in the study: grade 6 dyslexics, a reading-level-matched group and grade 6 normal readers. The first group consisted of: 28 grade 6 reading disabled (RD) students, 8 girls and…

This practical, teacher-friendly book provides indispensable guidance for implementing research-based reading instruction that is responsive to students' diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Structured around the "big five" core topics of an effective reading program--phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension--the…

Teaching students to become readers who can work with an author to "build" a text requires a better understanding of the nature of the author-reader relationship. This essay discusses the rights and responsibilities of that relationship by presenting writing and reading as a rhetorical situation--an interaction between author,…

Both psychologists and reading specialists have been interested in whether words are processed letter by letter or in larger units. A reaction time paradigm was used to evaluate these options with interest focused on potential units of word recognition which might be functional within single syllable words. The basic paradigm involved presenting…

Discusses how to help children understand the reading process instead of simply recalling information. Presents two instructional strategies which help children learn metacomprehension. (MM)