The starting point for this review of literature on theories of learning and adults with learning difficulties is the FEFC's 1996 landmark report, "Inclusive Learning" (also known as the Tomlinson Report). This report made learning its central focus, arguing that unless we understand how students learn we cannot begin to make the right…

In response to recent calls in the field of special education for the development and expansion of services for older students with intellectual disabilities, local school systems nationwide have begun to provide transition services to students ages 18 and older with intellectual disabilities in postsecondary settings such as two- and four-year…

The National Research Center on Learning Disabilities (Lawrence, KS) prepared this manual as a tool for implementing Responsiveness to Intervention (RTI). The manual can help schools understand, design, and evaluate the RTI features that they will implement. This RTI Manual is based on current research regarding the features of RTI. While striving…

The use of curriculum based assessment (CBA) to ensure learning disabled and low achieving students adequate educational opportunity remains the focus in this direct and comprehensive third edition. The additions to this edition are in the way of providing detail and explanation in the context of current and emerging issues in educational…

A study examined the effect of manipulative instruction on the acquisition and maintenance of perimeter and area problem-solving skills by students with learning disabilities in math. Three rural students with learning disabilities in mathematics in grades 7-10 participated in the study. All training was conducted daily for 15-20 minutes on a…

This paper examines the relationship between learning disabilities and language teaching based on the fact that interaction is inherent to the notion of classroom pedagogy itself. The main argument of this paper is that until a consensus is reached on how to teach a second language to a student with a learning disability, effective interactional…

This digest describes two major settings for adult literacy education: adult basic education (ABE) and community college remedial programs. Candidates for literacy education tend to be of low socioeconomic status and disproportionately from non-Caucasian backgrounds. The increasing number of immigrants who are not fluent in English, and often have…

This pamphlet discusses the pivotal role that feedback can play in the instruction of adult learners with learning disabilities and provides strategies to enable teachers to constructively design and present effective feedback. The paper begins by describing and instructional techniques that can be used to create interest and provide feedback…

A study was conducted to determine if providing additional time to complete classroom tests increases the test scores of college students with learning disabilities. Whether the accommodation allows the extra time necessary for students with learning disabilities to process the information, leveling the playing field, or whether it creates a…

This brief paper uses a question-and-answer format to summarize requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 related to employment of people with learning disabilities (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Questions address the following topics: (1) what is meant by LD and ADHD; (2) eligibility requirements…

Even though research on academic self-regulation has proliferated in recent years, no studies have investigated the question of whether the perceived usefulness and the use of standard self-regulated learning strategies and compensation strategies provide a differential prediction of academic achievement for college students with and without…

Despite the existence of the "Newspaper in Education" program in many elementary and secondary schools, this Digest suggests newspapers remain an often overlooked resource which can be incorporated into almost any teaching curriculum, and which is particularly useful for teaching older remedial students and adults. It discusses some ways…

The effect of the Read Aloud accommodation on the performances of learning disabled in reading (LD-R) and non-learning disabled (non LD) middle school students was studied using selected texts from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) achievement battery. Science, Usage and Expression, Math Problem Solving and Data Interpretation, and Reading…

This brief paper summarizes research on effective instruction in writing for students with learning disabilities. It finds that three components stand out as methods that reliably and consistently lead to improved outcomes in teaching expressive writing to these students. These components are: (1) adhering to a basic framework of planning,…

Testing organizations have recently been scrutinized because of the perception that affluent, white male students from the northeast are falsely claiming disabilities to gain extended time on standardized tests for college admission. In response to these assertions, the percentage of learning disabled test takers on the SAT I: Reasoning Test is…