Studies in the 1960s showed that school reform has little effect on reducing achievement differences associated with social background. More recent studies have indicated that schools can be effective for disadvantaged students if systematic efforts are made to develop effective leadership and improve the teaching-learning process. (SK)

Research is reviewed which is related to everyday language experiences of children. Particular emphasis is given to the ways caregivers and teachers can use these research findings to help children understand and use language effectively in a variety of situations, especially those involving learning. (MP)

A study examined blockages to equal educational opportunities for gifted female students. Male-female differences in aspiration for higher education and the relationships of socioeconomic status and financial resources to female college attendance are viewed. Policies are suggested to alleviate the discrepancy in rates of college attendance for…

A study was done to compare humor development in preschool children from poor Black, poor Mexican American, and middle class White racial-ethnic groups. Results suggest that, while the White group was different in the usage of verbal humor, the three groups did not differ markedly in their overall sense of humor. (JN)

The process by which boys from different subcultures use racial and behavioral cues in establishing their preference for unfamiliar children was studied. Racial but not socioeconomic status differences in the use of behaviors as social cues was found. (Author/GK)

Criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) embedded in the instructional program to facilitate learning resulted in students scoring higher on semester-end mathematical tests, regardless of the socioeconomic level of the school. The nature of the CRTs used and the feedback procedures contributed to the reported results. (PN)

Investigated educational needs and activities of older adults. Findings indicated that older adults' self-perceived educational needs and activities varied by race, sex, educational level, and socioeconomic status. A descriptive analysis revealed an incongruence between educational needs and activities of respondents and the educational offerings…

Explores the relationship between degree of accent in the English of Mexican American speakers as assessed by native raters, and the social judgments of raters toward accented speakers. Results of the study are discussed in relation to Giles and Powesland's (1975) incremental theory of class-related standard. (Author/MES)

Scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME), designed to reflect parental support of early cognitive and social development, were correlated with elementary school achievement five to nine years later. Results supported the predictive value of the instrument for school achievement among low-income families. (Author/DB)

Evaluates the impact of the 1954 "Brown" decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on equal opportunity for women. Reviews the similar struggles faced by Blacks and women in the areas of education and employment. (GC)

Suggests that equitable funding for public schools can help effectively reduce disparities in socio-economic conditions between urban and rural areas. Advocates the earmarking of a greater portion of general revenue sharing funds. Available from: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Rm. 456 GHI Bldg., Washington, D.C. 20250. (JD)

In the light of the current debate over liberal arts education v vocational training, the author compares the rates of return of a college education and a technical or occupational education and discusses the advantages of a college degree for adult students. (SK)

This analysis is based on Gendel's 1968 data concerning the central Russian city of Syzran. Information is presented on the placements of graduating eighth- and tenth-grade students: general secondary, technicum, vocational school, and work. Student's educational aspirations are correlated with parent's education, parent's occupational status, and…

Since 1917, Soviet policy has stressed self-determination of non-Russian populations and a commitment to their education. Using 1970 All-Union Census data and some later information, the author examines progress made toward this goal and the educational achievement of various groups. Success is noted and some problems outlined. (Author/SJL)

This review concentrates on the effects of maternal employment on the academic attitudes and performance of children in elementary and secondary schools. Related research is reviewed, hypotheses about the relationship are developed, and research needs are indicated. (Author/GK)