This brief overview provides information on the definition, incidence, and characteristics of children with hearing impairments and deafness. The federal definitions of hearing impairment and deafness are provided. The different types of hearing loss are noted, including: (1) conductive (caused by diseases or obstructions in the outer or middle…

The theory of self-efficacy (beliefs concerning one's capabilities to learn or perform behaviors at designated levels), has developed since A. Bandura's work (1977) and continues to be applied to a variety of educational settings and grade levels. This paper addresses various issues pertaining to self-efficacy in settings involving academic…

Two Swahili dictionaries and two bilingual dictionaries by the same author (one English-Swahili and one Swahili-English) are evaluated for their form and content, with illustrations offered from each. Aspects examined include: the compilation of headwords, including their meanings with relation to basic and extended meanings; treatment of…

A study investigated the extent to which children consider writing strategies in relation to types of writing. Data were evolved by interviewing 48 fifth-grade children on their processes of evaluating other children's papers. Each child was asked to read paired texts, judge their comparative quality, and explain the basis of their judgments. They…

Changes in the workplace such as mergers, acquisitions, reengineering, and downsizing are forcing individuals to recognize the temporary nature of all jobs and develop what has been termed "career resilience.""Career resilience" differs from "career self-reliance" in that the former refers to individual career…

For the author, becoming an English instructor places him on the horns of a dilemma: how may those who have identified themselves as students in the past begin to identify themselves as professional peers? Is it an attitude that comes naturally through writing term papers; reading the scholarship of the field; contributing to participating…

The changing meaning of equity and assessment is traced in the context of a shift from the hegemony of a market discourse to an emergent "conversation" centered around relationships and community. The weakening position of the state and the market through global socioeconomic transformation sets loose a search for alternatives, which…

In a statement-response-reply format, a proposition concerning the study of semantics is made and debated in three papers by two authors. In the first paper, it is proposed that semantics is not the study of the concept of meaning, but rather a neurolinguistic issue, despite the fact that semantics is linked to context. It is argued that semantic…

"Thick descriptions" are descriptions that are layered enough to draw conclusions and uncover the intentions of a given act, event, or process. In a video environment, thick descriptions are images, gestures, or sequences that convey meaning. Neither the quantity nor the resolution of the images makes the descriptions thick. Thickness is…

Prepared in response to Section 3602 of New York State Education Law, this report analyzes the relationship between approved operating expense (AOE) and instructional expense (IE) for 1990-91. Originally defined as a net aidable expense for dispensing operating aid to school districts, AOE's definition and use have been considerably modified over…

The use of the term "physical education" in higher education began in the 1920's, with previous terminology including "gymnastics,""hygiene," and "physical culture." There is now a large constituent of educators who feel the name physical education no longer accurately describes the field. Various names have been considered, primarily…

This report discusses the outcomes of a study that conducted site visits to 49 elementary schools and 37 secondary schools to investigated teachers' perceptions of the day-by-day operations of their talented and gifted programs. During the site visits, interviews were conducted with teachers, administrators, and students participating in gifted…

The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design of D. T. Campbell and D. W. Fiske (1959) is the most widely used paradigm for testing construct validity, but it continues to be plagued by problems associated with definition of terms, operationalizations of their guidelines, and analytic procedures used to test them. Using five diverse MTMM data sets,…

This fact sheet on epilepsy is offered in both English and Spanish. It provides a definition, information on incidence, typical characteristics, and educational implications. It notes that epilepsy is classified as "other health impaired" under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and that students with epilepsy are eligible for special…

This study, which examined children's understanding of machines, focused on how children decide which objects are machines and which are not, and how they group machines as similar or different. Brainstorming sessions involving two groups of four kindergarten children and one class each from the second, fourth, and fifth grade, were conducted.…