Elucidates the psycholinguistic mechanics of the "output hypothesis" and argues that output serves an important role in second language acquisition because it generates specific input the cognitive system needs to build up a coherent set of knowledge. The article hypothesizes that the locus of the effect of output is in the transition of…

Presents a literature review seeking to answer four questions: (1) What is washback? (2) How does washback work? (3) How can we promote positive washback? and (4) How can we investigate washback? A model is proposed that identifies participants, processes and products which may influence or be influenced by, washback. Strategies for investigating…

Provides a seven item checklist to help human resources development professionals determine whether multimedia is a correct method to meet training objectives. Topics include instructional design considerations when selecting a training method; needs assessment; learning styles; content and the need for updating; and individual learning versus…

Details the characteristics of the seven multiple intelligences and promotes a systematic approach to teaching that strives to meet individual needs of children. Provides specific teaching tools and strategies, including active learning centers, to support the development of each intelligence area and expose children to varied ways of learning.…

Discusses students who have memory dysfunction, examining issues related to learning and short-term memory, memory in progress, and long-term memory. The paper describes how to explain the brain to help students understand the difference between memory problems and overall intelligence. Suggestions for training teachers and administrators are…

Emphasizes that auditory lexical decision has wide applicability and that the paradigm is currently used to study basic processes in word recognition, the nature of the mental lexicon, effects of word frequency, neighbor effects and various other phenomena of isolated word perception. Article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of this task. (54…

Four major concepts of cognitive theory (the importance of context, students' need for transferable knowledge, importance of balancing depth and breadth of knowledge, and the role of prior knowledge in problem solving) are examined, and possible implications of each concept for the curriculum and teaching of ambulatory health care are explored.…

Survey of 279 students entering the Faculty of Education at the University of Western Ontario revealed a structure of beliefs about learning and knowledge having 10 factors that were nearly orthogonal with each other. Most students endorsed a view of learning that included both constructivist and transmission-oriented themes. Contains 58…

Gives advanced and novice readers in grade one and older disabled readers nonword reading and spelling tasks. Finds that disabled readers read as many nonwords and spelled as many words as beginning readers, indicating equivalent alphabetic knowledge. Finds that disabled readers took significantly more trials to read 16 target words, indicating…

As state legislators, school boards, and the public at large become more receptive, home-schoolers are gaining access to more resources, including those at public schools. Researchers disagree over home schooling's effects on academic achievement and social development. Home schooling could be an important resource for studying how children learn…

Highlights research findings regarding technology's effects on student learning as determined by the Center for Applied Research in Education Technology (CARET). Topics include achievement in content area learning; higher-order thinking and problem-solving skill development; workforce preparation; and using technology in conjunction with…

Discusses the role of the school library in the learning process and suggests it should also encourage students' reading habits. Topics include a new paradigm in the concept of a reading culture, including an individualized approach to learning to use the school library; library staff; reading and information skills; and reading materials.…

This article presents a chart to illustrate learning paths for children ages 3 to 6 years and sample teaching strategies in the following areas: (1) number and operations; (2) geometry and spatial sense; (3) measurement; (4) pattern/algebraic thinking; and (5) displaying and analyzing data. (KB)

A review of the role of prior knowledge, metacognition, and intentionality in learning culminates in an example of how knowledge building--the community construction of new knowledge through theory construction and revision--works in a Canadian elementary science class. Comparing theories on the "public forum" of networked software…

Explores what kinds of calculus-related insights seem to typify calculus-related reasoning. Introduces "qualitative calculus" in which learning is focused on synthesis. Discusses the resemblance and difference between traditional calculus and qualitative calculus, advantages of learning qualitative calculus, and how understanding qualitative…