Discusses the synthesis of a body of psychological research that describes the human characteristic referred to as "mindfulness." Analyzes the concept as it relates to personal development and educational settings. (JOW)

Proposes a taxonomy that classifies coherence relations in discourse in terms of four cognitively salient primitives, such as the polarity of the relationship and the pragmatic or semantic character of the link between the units. Finds experimental support for the relevance and psychological salience of the taxonomic primitives. (SR)

The Division on Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities (MRDD) of the Council for Exceptional Children adopted this position statement concerning the revised American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition of mental retardation. The position statement views the revised mental retardation definition and classification as a…

Discusses pattern classification of images by computer and describes the Two Domain Method in which expert knowledge is acquired using multidimensional scaling of judgments of dissimilarities and linear mapping. An application of the Two Domain Method that tested its power to discriminate two patterns of human blood leukocyte distribution is…

Navy officers (n=742) rated the magnitude and desirability of 16 career events. Cluster analysis supported Louis' typology and his assertion that different career events have similar meanings to individuals. Findings suggest that effects of exit transitions (retirement, resignation) are qualitatively different from those of other events. (SK)

Three studies examined two-year olds' understanding of novel terms for objects that they are already familiar with under another name. The studies found that the new term was most likely to be treated as a second basic-level name for the category to which the object belonged. (MDM)

Describes a historical study of cataloging rules through the "Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2d ed.," that was conducted to identify linking devices that have been used to connect bibliographic entities. Relationships that are part of the taxonomy of bibliographic relationships are explained, including equivalence, derivative,…

In 2 experiments, 15- and 21-month-old infants were presented with a target object and asked to select an object taxonomically or thematically related to the target object. The target object was introduced with or without a novel nonsense noun. Results indicated that novel nouns focused infants' attention on taxonomic relations. (MDM)

Describes the development of a functional indexing system that is tailored to the thinking involved in the process of invention. Classification by function is discussed; matrix representation is explained; a controlled vocabulary of verbs, objects, and modifiers is described; and the relation to other indexing systems is examined. (13 references)…

Large teams of researchers using inductive methodologies are relatively rare and present unique challenges to team members. A team from the University of Iowa reports on what it experienced during a project to develop a taxonomy of nursing interventions. (JOW)

Examines infants' ability to detect correlations among feature categories of the type that one might expect to be useful in forming natural object categories. (PCB)

Coded hospital social workers' (n=16) descriptions of ethical dilemmas according to principles in conflict. Most ethical dilemmas involved conflicts between client self-determination and client best interest. Ethical dilemmas were more likely when patient mental status was impaired and when decision making was problematic. Ethical dilemmas were…

Discusses scientific ignorance and uncertainty. Highlights include approaching knowledgeable ignorance, including a taxonomy of ignorance and uncertainty frameworks and measures; social constructivism, subjectivity, and scientific realism; strategies for working with scientific ignorance; and frameworks for ignorance representation. (Contains 43…

Highlights some of the achievements of the process of drafting "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV) and attempts to evaluate accomplishments of DSM-IV process as function of the major goals established for it. Describes development of DSM-IV, criteria for changes, and definitions of mental disorders. (NB)

Describes basic ideas behind deconstruction, form of analysis that accounts for unconscious elements in human constructions, especially linguistic constructions. Defines linguistic dualities on which Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) is based, and analyzes these dualities in clinician-client relationship. Uses DSM-III…