A total of 61 children from first through sixth grades participated in four balance-scale and four inclined-plane problem types in a study testing for invariance of subject classifications as rule-users across problems whose products differed but whose type did not. Results indicated that many children's classifications differed across…

Although various methods are used to study solution chemistry, relationships between them are generally not self-evident, and the theory and procedure underlying each technique are frequently learned and memorized separately. Therefore, all of these methods are classified within a unified framework that clearly demonstrates relationships and…

Responds to W. Frawley's and J. Lantolf's comments on the Frauenglass and Diaz study concerning the interaction between private speech and cognition. Argues that Vygotsky's theory predicts a positive effect on children's problem solving activity. (HOD)

Response latencies of 27 learning disabled (LD) and 27 normal control boys (8-11 years old) were compared on a picture-word interference task. Both LD and control Ss exhibited greater interference effects (longer response latencies) when naming pictures (versus naming words) and when categorizing words (versus categorizing pictures). (Author/CL)

Organizational theorists have been constrained by the overuse of dichotomies. Complex social phenomena cannot adequately be represented through these simplifications of reality. This propensity of theorists to dichotomize is investigated and countered by the advocacy of disciplined naivete in the study of educational organizations. (MLF)

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that scripts (event schemas) provide a basis for categorical structures in semantic memory. Significantly better memory and organization were achieved on slot-filler lists than on either taxonomic or complementary lists, suggesting that slot-filler categories are more available in preschoolers' semantic…

The article provides a rationale for the merger of special and regular education into one unified system structured to meet the unique needs of all students. Two major premises (lack of need and inefficiency of operating a dual system) are discussed, and some possible implications of merger are considered. (Author/CL)

Presents a general definition of a system; outlines a collection of properties identified through a review of the literature to be used as a criterion for determining whether an aggregation of objects is a system; and tests a computer-based system against the checklist to see how it measures up. (MBR)

By studying examples of their applications by two major English language bibliographic agencies, this article compares strengths and weaknesses of PRECIS and Library of Congress Subject Headings for books about music. Highlights include quantitative and qualitative analysis, comparison of number of subject statements, and terminology problems in…

This survey lists and comments upon recent classificatory writings which focus on various facets of the Christian tradition and identifies 179 articles and schemes devoted to theological classification: generalia, specific classifications (Dewey Decimal, Library of Congress, Roman Catholic, Union Theological Seminary, special schemes and…

The cognitive patterns of three learning disability subtypes were studied: (1) students with higher math than reading skills, (2) students with higher reading than math skills, and (3) students with equally low math and reading skills. Results indicated that although the three groups were characterized by a number of discrete or unique patterns,…

Approaches to identifying, classifying, and placing multiply handicapped hearing impaired students are reviewed, and a model is described in which five factors differentiate among students: instructional objectives, environment, rate, methodology, and staffing. (CL)

Following court-ordered programing, more of the 115 profoundly retarded residents judged to be high funtioning gained in social maturity age than individuals from the 92 low funtioning group. Findings suggested that the profound classification of mental retardation is too broad. (CL)

Presents a list of classifiers in American Sign Language and describes a study of their semantic characteristics. Classifiers are defined as certain hand shapes in particular orientations that stand for certain semantic features of noun arguments and which may substitute for particular nouns in various semantic environments, thereby functioning as…

Bibliography of research on pictures and imagery is organized according to major sections of general-purpose taxonomy, i.e., theoretical approaches to picture perception; picture perception research; memory for pictures; concept learning, problem solving, and cognitive skills; learning from prose; affective picture responses; pictoral media design…