Water is one of the most common molecules in the universe. Water is polarized, but it has many states besides the normal tetrahedron depicted in standard biology texts. Water is also the most ubiquitous molecule on Earth, the universal solvent. It is the internal and external habitat of cells. Ecologically, water is contiguous with life and the…

Organic chemistry is challenging for novices as it involves a large quantity of organic reactions. Effective learning requires not only profound theoretical knowledge but also the ability to reason about causal mechanisms. This study investigated pre-service chemistry teachers' mechanistic reasoning and the implicit cognitive process. Participants…

Ion transport, involving the diffusion and migration of ions within the electrolyte, stands as a fundamental concept in electrochemistry and serves as the driving force for electrochemical reactions. Electric double layers are critical in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and chemical conversion, constituting a central focus of…

Action research (AR) has long been promoted as a way teachers can improve their practice and increase their understanding of their educational situations. In this article we examine the impact of AR on science teacher education through a critical review of the literature. We sought to identify the goals and purposes of the AR, its mode, and the…

Background: Both eye movement modelling examples (EMMEs) and cues guide attention and improve learning in multimedia learning environments. EMME can act as a special form of cue. However, no studies have directly examined whether EMME would be superior to visual cues. Objective: The study was to investigate whether there were advantages of EMME…

Students' performance in introductory physics at a university in Ghana was assessed over three academic years. The study covered two physics courses delivered to first-year students at the university. Two factors--access to tutorial sessions delivered outside of lecture times by teaching assistants and access to a formula sheet during the…

Addressing systemic racism in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is essential to improving science education for students of Color. In this article, we argue that science teacher leaders (STLs) are one mechanism to address this need. However, they likely need access to resources and information to address the…

Background/purpose: Education in the 21st century requires the cultivation of students' competencies in critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. Despite Indonesia's rich cultural heritage, the country faces challenges in adapting to modern changes, with ancestral traditions still significantly influencing daily life, even…

Every student comes to science class with unique skills and problem-solving abilities; unfortunately, there is limited research on how to differentiate instruction so that equitable progress can be made for every learner. We used a novel pedagogical approach to differentiate for a wide range of problem-solving abilities when students were learning…

This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore middle school students' perceptions of using the school-based cooperative problem-based learning (SB-CPBL) approach in learning science. The study examined how SB-CPBL differs from the students' usual learning, how the new approach affects their learning process and the main challenges of…

One expected outcome of physics instruction is that students develop quantitative reasoning skills, including strategies for evaluating solutions to problems. Examples of well-known "canonical" evaluation strategies include special case analysis, unit analysis, and checking for reasonable numbers. We report on responses from three tasks…

The study of basic chemical reactions can be challenging for teachers in training when addressed in a lecture-based and out of context manner, lacking real-world examples, practical applications, or connections to daily life. Primary Reactions Race is a board game designed to help students learn basic chemical reactions such as oxidation,…

The study and analysis of enzymatic reactions are essential for characterizing various biological systems. As part of these procedures, it is important to understand how to quantify the biological activity of these proteins in terms of enzymatic activity. This work proposes a general equation for determining enzymatic activity based on…

Modern and Contemporary Physics is an important component of civic education for senior high school students, as topics such as Relativity and Quantum Physics connect with everyday life and foster abstract thinking and critical skills. Yet, these themes are often absent from high school curricula. Among them, Einstein's General Relativity Theory…

The rapidly evolving educational landscape allows, and often demands, the integration of innovative digital approaches into the curriculum. Whether the course is conducted in-person, online, or hyflex, synchronous or asynchronous, the wide range of available digital tools and platforms now offer multi-faceted learning experiences designed to…