Discusses the presence and dynamics of continental glaciers in the domination of the physical processes of erosion and deposition in the mid-latitudes during the Pleistocene period. Describes the use of a sedimentary facies model as a guide to recognizing ancient temperate continental glacial deposits. (TW)

Provides background information about the planet Pluto. Includes the history of Pluto and discusses some of the common misconceptions about the planets. Addresses some of the recent discoveries about Pluto and contains a resource list of books, articles, and a videotape. (TW)

Discusses pollution in medieval times, focusing on pollution related to: (1) wood; (2) coal; (3) tanning; and (4) lead. (JN)

Provides background information for teachers on the chemistry of flourine. Points out that it links aerosols with refrigerants, anaesthetics with fire-fighting agents, batteries with blood substitutes, and atomic energy with the steel, petroleum, and aluminum industries. (JN)

Traces the historical events that have influenced the development of science in Iran. Describes the major movements and personages of the Persian Islamic state. Also explores the impact of the religious, social, political, and intellectual forces on the image of science and its role in Iranian society. (ML)

Examines major lines of thought leading to what is meant by plant biotechnology, namely, the application of existing techniques of plant organ, tissue, and cell culture, plant molecular biology, and genetic engineering to the improvement of plants and of plant productivity for the benefit of man. (JN)

In 1935 physicist Hideki Yukawa proposed the meson theory of nuclear forces. Background, influences, and chronology of Yukawa's work are presented and discussed. Yukawa was supported in his meson idea by Japan's strong emphasis on intuitive and creative approaches which are also evident in subsequent developments in that country. (DH)

Elting E. Morison (a distinguished historian) discusses America's inventive past and ponders how Americans might benefit from understanding it better. The interview elicits his expertise as an interpreter of technology and his beliefs about teaching technology in schools, the role of technology in society, and future prospects. (DH)

Examines the realm of science and the federal government made evident in the 1950s by A. Hunter Dupree's classic work on the subject. Federal science before 1940, federal science since 1940, and sources of historical materials are among the major areas considered. (JN)

Summarizes the current state of genetics, highlighting major historical events in the development of the field and discussing topics related to introns ("silent" or noncoding base sequences in eucaryotic genes) and exons (the coding parts of DNA). (JN)

Provides a definition for creativity and illustrates it with examples from the history of science. Also indicates how the definition suggests some possibly useful procedures for educating creative scientists and engineers. (JN)

Traces the history of the electron theory of the chemical bond. Nineteenth-century ideas on electrical combination, early twentieth-century theories of electrical attraction, and the contribution of G. N. Lewis's shared electron pair are among the topics considered. (JN)

Reviews the history of the stoichiometric term "equivalent" and examines its relevance over the last hundred years. (MLH)

Traces the history of the so-called optical theorem in scattering theory from its beginning over 100 years ago to recent applications of its generalizations. (MLH)

Presented is an overall view of the history of science in Spanish America prior to 1820. Excluded are the accomplishments of non-Spanish scientists with no social or cultural ties to the countries of the region. (SL)