This paper considers some themes that I have discussed before at this seminar in previous years, namely the different perceptions of the best ways to teach chemistry in the nineteenth and early twentieth century between British and American chemists. In this paper I will examine the biographies of a number of nineteenth century British and…

The second part of a two-part article contains an attempt to synthesize the viewpoints of United States science as seen (1) from Indochina (2) by American scientists and (3) from the vantage point of history. (JR)

Summarizes studies in the area of biochemical evolution of iron, copper, and heme proteins to provide an historical outline. Included are lists of major kinds of proteins and enzymes and charts illustrating electron flow in a cytochrome electron transport system and interconversion of jerrous to ferric ion in iron metabolism. (CC)

Discusses the historical background of the development of lightning conductors, describes the nature of thunderclouds and the lightning flash, and provides a calculation of the electric field under a thundercloud. Also discussed are point discharge currents and the attraction theory of the lightning conductor. (JR)

An historical investigation into the theory of valency as developed in the course of the second half of the 19th Century. Opposing views on one aspect of valency are examined and contrasted. (DF)

His contributions to heat and thermodynamics are discussed. He is given little recognition for his works, yet he did make significant contributions to physics. (DF)

A biography of Copernicus emphasizing his argument for a heliocentric model of the solar system is presented. (DF)

Points out common misconceptions, especially the idea that pollination in flowering plants corresponds to fertilization in animals. Gives history of understanding of plant sexuality, then summarizes modern view. Suggests we teach accurately or not at all. (EB)