This publication provides additional reference material for "Education at a Glance 2025," the authoritative source for data on the state of education around the world. It provides guidance on the data and methodologies used to calculate each indicator. It also contains references to the sources and specific notes for each country.

One part of COVID-19's staggering impact on education has been to suspend or fundamentally alter ongoing education research projects. This article addresses how to analyze the simple but fundamental example of a multi-cohort study in which student assessment data for the final cohort are missing because schools were closed, learning was virtual,…

Initial Teacher Education (ITE) is inherently complex. Challenges include the uncertain nature of teacher knowledge, the need to learn in both practical and theoretical contexts and the developmental journey of the beginning teacher. While one response to this complexity is greater standardisation, another is to foster thinking, autonomous…

Background: Data-based decision-making in education often focuses on the use of summative assessment data in order to bring about improvements in student achievement. However, many other sources of evidence are available across a wide range of indicators. There is potential for school leaders, teachers and students to use these diverse sources…

Open, flexible and distance learning has become part of mainstream education in China. Using a blended learning program in a Chinese high school as the case, this study adopted data-mining approaches to establish predictive models using personality traits. Results showed that, for students with high OE and low extraversion, and students who are…

This essay advances discussion of the evolution of student development theory as foundational knowledge for student affairs practice and the role theoretical consensus plays in the application of theory to student affairs practice. We located our discussion within the context of student affairs as a low-consensus field and address 2 related…

Aim/Purpose: This research proposed a 3D multiuser virtual learning environment (3DMUVLE) educational game design framework by combining ATMSG, ADDIE, E-Simulation, and 3D Open Simulator Technology Architecture. This paper focused on a case study of online training for food crops productivity data surveys. Background: The conventional online…

In this study, student teachers explored four data collection methods for data feedback to improve their teaching skills in Science and Technology [S&T]. The aim was to verify whether these methods were suitable for collecting data concerning their teaching skills during S&T activities in their internships. They analysed the collected data…

The educational setting has been the backdrop for numerous debates as far back as recorded history. Today's educational setting, however, contains technological elements so advanced that they by their very nature bring with them a series of highly significant implications which educators have never before been required to address. These issues…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the study general trends with regards to Web 2.0 technologies supporting problem-based learning (PBL) environments. A systematic literature review was applied to analyse studies published in this area, with a total of 18 articles included in the review. The content analysis method was applied in the…

The educational recommendation system to provide support for academic guidance and adaptive learning has always been an important issue of research for smart education. A bad guidance can give rise to difficulties in further studies and can be extended to school dropout. This paper explores the potential of Educational Data Mining for academic…

Schools need support in the use of data. To provide this support, a data team intervention was developed. A prior study conducted in the Netherlands showed that several factors can enable or hinder the work of data teams. The current replication study focuses on the factors influencing data use in data teams and the perceived effects of the data…

This article describes a collaborative project across three institutions to develop, implement, and evaluate a series of tutorials and case studies that highlight fundamental tools of data science--such as visualization, data manipulation, and database usage--that instructors at a wide-range of institutions can incorporate into existing statistics…

In this article, based on their book Educational Goods: Values, Evidence and Decision Making, Harry Brighouse, Helen Ladd, Susanna Loeb, and Adam Swift encourage education decision makers to give careful thought to the values that underlie the data they collect and use to inform policy. Rather than basing decisions entirely on what improves…

The purpose of this study was to examine student viewpoints about privacy and personal data collection in online courses in U.S. higher education settings. Results of data analysis revealed that students were aware that their learning behaviours (such as login frequency, pages viewed or clicked, and learning profiles) could be monitored and…