The impact of closed and open adoption for the older adopted child and the adoptive and biological parents is examined in order to provide knowledge that may be useful in choosing the type of adoptive placement that best meets the needs of particular children and families. (Author/RH)

The study involving 30 educable mentally retarded children (8 to 12 years old) was designed to analyze the effect of the presence of others on three psychomotor measures from the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Special Fitness Test. (SB)

The distressed vocalizations of six-month-old infants interacting with peers in a playroom were statistically independent of the peer's vocalizations of distress. Absence of toys reliably predicted the extent of the infant's distress, whereas psychomotor development and sex did not. (Author/ DB)

Discusses findings from a series of national surveys by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. Findings indicated that cigarette use among American young people is declining sharply due, at least in part, to school anti-smoking campaigns and peer pressure to stop smoking. (DB)

Examined effects of training method and supervisor experience upon the learning of empathy. Analysis indicated that individually supervised subjects achieved a higher level of empathy than the controls. Subjects receiving programed training were intermediate in learning between individually supervised and control subjects. Supervisor experience…

Evaluates a multivariate model of youthful marijuana use. The model includes the symbolic-protest function and the peer-acceptance function, marijuana use for gaining acceptance from permissive peers. Support for the model comes from close correspondence between observed and predicted correlations and the low, nonsignificant value of the…

Five experiments were conducted to find out what 6-year-old children learn about communication by switching listener and speaker roles with competent and incompetent adults and peers. (Author/MP)

Presents data from the mid-1960s regarding Black male delinquents' reports regarding female participation in delinquent activities and female influence on suppressing delinquent activities. (Author/DB)

Contends that students are not only passive respondents to external forces which determine school crime; rather, student social structures and subcultures are potential forces influencing school crime and the larger criminal and noncriminal communities. Preliminary data related to this thesis are reported. (RMH)

Multimedia group counseling techniques for preadolescent girls are described. These techniques successfully helped them deal with changing body image, the importance of the peer group and the best friend, and the separation of self from parents. (JD)

The more other-directed, the more subjects tended to conform. These conformity rates were higher than previous studies. When replications of well-known experiments are conducted, there is increased need for debriefing because of the apparent defiant subject effect. (Author/JAC)

The categories a person uses in describing others are related to the perceiver's own socialization experiences. Gender and generation of the respondent affect the way individuals describe people they know but not to as great a degree as previously assumed. (Author)

Perceptions and perceptual changes on study habits and attitudes for students who received study-skills instructions individually from student counselors were compared with those of students who received instructions and participated in class discussions and those of students who did not receive any study-skills instructions or counseling. (Author)

Investigates developmental changes in conformity to parents and peers and relations between parent and peer conformity. Children in grades 3, 6, 9, and 11 or 12 responded to hypothetical situations. (Author/SS)

Presents results of two projects which focused on elected peer leaders of small group activities which were part of a university introductory psychology course. Data reveal differences between leaders and nonleaders. Information is also presented on relationships between leader behavior and team success, and personality traits of leaders. (KC)