This study sought to describe the norms of reciprocity in social interaction from the viewpoint of immediate behavioral exchanges by examining the social interaction of preschool peers in a free-play situation. Seventeen 4-year-old children, eight girls and nine boys, were observed during free play activity periods after a picture sociometric test…

Research has shown that an active mentor can facilitate the career development of the neophyte. The hypothesis was tested that the failure of women to sponsor others, i.e., to assume a mentor role, is the logical outcome of situational pressures exerted on all persons who fill, and succeed in, a token role, rather than merely how women act when…

It has been suggested that individuals differ in the extent to which they monitor self-perceptions in social situations: high self-monitors use cues about the appropriateness of various types of behaviors to determine their social behavior, while low self-monitors control their social behavior by their own attitudes rather than by the demands of…

Identification of factors contributing to the timing of first contraceptive use by girls is an important consideration in structuring primary prevention programs to reduce teenage pregnancies. Interviews with 120 girls aged 12-19 in a study of sexual, contraceptive, and pregnancy decision making covered six areas: (1) demographic information; (2)…

The effects of situational influences and sex differences in the reward allocation behavior of children was investigated in four studies. Experiment 1 focused on the distribution of rewards to workers presented as being in either a unit or non-unit relationship with each other. The second experiment determined whether a similar pattern of sex…

This paper describes an attempt to use a model of behavioral intention as a diagnostic tool to provide useful data for the preparation of health education programs for adolescents in the area of cigarette smoking. The theory of this model is that a person's behavior is a function of their behavioral intention which, in turn, is a function of their…

A field investigation of 32 groups of communally reared children utilizing 10 categories of group behavior reported group behavior forms and child socialization in groups of toddlers and preschoolers 18 months to 42 months of age. The groups were equally divided (16 each) among "total" and "day care" types and were age-homogeneous. Group forms…

The study was designed to determine the effectiveness of an educational crisis center (in which students stayed from a few minutes to days and weeks to recover from emotional outbursts and academic pressures) for residential school children (5-10 years old) who had learning problems with an overlay of moderate to severe emotional handicapping…

This study focuses on children's reflectiveness about their drawings, and on the effect of other children's presence on the drawer's verbalizations about the drawing process and product. It was hypothesized that children would talk more about their representational efforts in the presence of other children, and that planning and evaluative or…

The continuity of play styles of preschool children over a 1-year period was observed and related to teacher and peer reinforcement patterns influenced by sex stereotypes. Sixty-seven children, aged 18 months to 58 months, were observed in a natural setting using a behavior checklist consisting of 33 child behavior categories and 15 teacher- and…

A study to determine the reason(s) for the change to the left of political attitudes of students between their freshman and senior years found that the role of the professor and other factors cannot be totally discounted, but that fellow students probably played the greatest role. (Author/EB)

The purpose of this questionnaire survey of more than 1500 Soviet adolescents, aged 14 to 20, was to clarify the important and meaningful criteria for teenage friendships and to describe actual forms and psychosocial functions of these friendships. Results suggest adolescent friendship is not losing its significance or its exclusiveness. (Author)

Examines longitudinal sociometric data on adolescent friendship pairs, friends-to-be, and former friends in order to assess homophily on four attributes: (1) frequency of current marijuana use, (2) level of educational aspirations, (3) political orientation, and (4) participation in minor delinquency. The finding that socialization of peers is…

Peer reinforcement, modeling, and cooperative programing arrangements are among the strategies described which involve peers in modifying the behavior problems of classmates. (CL)

Participants in a faculty development program increased their use of instructional technologies compared to a larger sample of nonparticipating members. The participants also contacted a large number of colleagues to discuss instructional matters, which resulted in increased awareness and influenced attitudes of others, though they resulted in…