Assigned 1,426 university students to four intervention groups. A "norm-setting" intervention program--used to study perceptions and expectations of drinking--was of chief interest. This group was associated with the greatest reductions in the drinking norms attributed to the student body, close friends, living groups, and parents. (RJM)

Answers to commonly asked questions about female gang members. Girls typically join gangs at age 14 to 15. If given alternatives, females will often leave gangs sooner than males. Female gang members are respected, and see themselves as strong, committed soldiers. Includes "Myths about Females in Gangs" and suggestions for additional…

Past attempts to estimate peer group effects on socioeconomic or academic outcomes may have used insufficiently flexible techniques that stressed the mean of peer characteristics without considering their overall distribution. Using Philippines data, this paper demonstrates an estimation model accounting for the shape of distribution. Failure to…

A study of 20 gifted children (ages 9-14) provides the basis of a model of social and emotional adjustment to stressors presented in this article. Intrapersonal, family, school, and peer influences, as well as functional and dysfunctional patterns of social and emotional adjustment, are explained within the framework of the model. (Author/CR)

Considers power-control theory in single-parent, female-headed families to determine whether a delinquency gender gap exists among children of single mothers, and what effects socialization has on delinquency. Findings show no gender difference in delinquency. Also, delinquent offending increased for females who associated with delinquent peers.…

A review of the literature on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children suggests that maladaptive classroom peer interactions for ADHD children may disadvantage their learning on collaborative tasks. Provides a definition of the disorder and discusses key aspects of ADHD and its effects on peer interactions. Makes suggestions for…

Explored relationships between college students' alcohol use, participation in late-night alcohol-free entertainment options, perceived drinking norms, social identity, and perception of university policy. Surveys indicated that students who considered the LateNight program a way to have fun without alcohol were less likely to binge drink than…

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) are more likely to drop out of school than their peers. Examines how different types of mobility may positively and negatively impact students with EBD, highlighting non-normative mobility or the ways in which schools cause students to move within and between classrooms and schools. Analyzes…

Gender differences associated with the development of adolescents' sense of general self-concept and emotional stability were investigated with 655 adolescents. Relationships with parents were important for males' emotional stability, but not females'. Peer relations were more influential in the formation of adolescents' emotional stability than…

Examines the dip in achievement and interest in science that many students experience as they move into secondary schools. Explores the reasons for this phenomenon and possible solutions. (DDR)

Explores the different attitudes of English girls and boys to General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) work. Provides suggestions to account for the differences, particularly related to peer pressure, image, and social groupings. Finds that boys were ridiculed more for working hard and were under greater pressure to confirm to a cool,…

Examined the relationship between self-esteem and sexual behavior and intended sexual behavior among Hispanic middle school students. Student surveys indicated that higher home self-esteem significantly related to reduced likelihood of participation in sexual intercourse (ever) and reduced intent to participate. Higher school self-esteem related…

Discusses how young male voices change due to development during puberty, the make-up of their voices, and the effect male peers have on their decision to become a choir member. Explains how male adolescents can be encouraged to join the choir and how teachers can strengthen their male students' voices. (CMK)

The capacity of funding formulas to distribute adequate state funds to public colleges and universities equitably has been often debated, prompted by demands for economy, wise resource usage, and accountability. Between 1984 and 1988, the number of states using funding formulas decreased from 34 to 32. Change is inevitable. Includes 17 footnotes.…

An exploration process through which supervisors can encourage teachers to make their own teaching decisions includes teaching teachers how to observe classroom interaction, code and analyze interaction, interpret classroom behavior patterns, and make informed instructional decisions based on the analysis and interpretation. Bringing teachers…