Describes how instructional designers develop cost-effective training by performing an "up-front-analysis": needs assessment, audience analysis, and task analysis. The task analysis specifies the knowledge or skills to be taught and determines performance objectives, teaching strategies, and instructional materials. (PEN)

Explains how to create slide shows via computer using common software programs such as ClarisWorks. Highlights include identifying the audience, organizing the information, becoming familiar with technical specifications of the equipment, the use of text, style consistency, the use of graphics, and the use of color. (LRW)

This study examined personal concern, perceived risk, and sexual behavior of 147 college students a year after Magic Johnson announced he tested positive for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It found that identification mediates message effects, suggesting that a spokesperson with whom an audience can identify insures the greatest likelihood of…

Describes aspects of Linda Flower's work used by the author in devising writing technical assistance for teams writing technical reports in the United States General Accounting Office. Discusses three brief case studies describing the relationship between the work program structure (a major barrier to audience-based writing) and the writing…

Suggests a number of teaching strategies that can be used for the development of authentic voices (instead of institutional, depersonalized voices) in student writing. Focuses on the importance of students' choosing their own topic, developing audience awareness, and making connections between their own lives and literature. (TB)

A study examined three different visual formats (studio presenter only, realistic visuals, or schematic visuals) of an educational television program. Recognition and recall of the abstract subject matter were measured in 101 adult viewers directly after the program and 3 months later. The schematic version yielded better recall of the program,…

Examines the socialization of anxiety based on analyses of narrative interactions between an agoraphobic woman, her husband, son, and daughter, who has been diagnosed with separation anxiety. Notes that although children of agoraphobic parents are at risk for developing anxiety, little is known about the socialization process and anxiety may be…

Finds that female adolescents responded less positively than males to beer advertisements and to sports content of advertising, and more positively to nonbeer advertisement. Shows also that positive responses to beer ads predicted alcohol use among female and male adolescents. Finds no differences in response patterns to ads due to Latino…

Notes that adapting the text to the audience is only possible when the physical task of writing becomes automatic and the writer is no longer absorbed by it. Describes a quasi-experimental study in which a procedural facilitation strategy is used to promote writing skills among Portuguese students, in particular, the skill of suiting the text to…

Linguistic and cultural aspects of the Tongan notion of "malie"--the process of developing interconnected energy flows and engagement between performers and audience--are discussed in the context of the Auckland Secondary Schools Maori and Pacific Islands Cultural Festival. Implications of malie as part of a transformative pedagogy for…

Examines audience awareness in a 5-month naturalistic study of a fourth-grade classroom infused with technology and which valued collaboration and inquiry. Finds this classroom offered such pervasive opportunities for interaction between authors and classmates that it was difficult to distinguish between author and audience. Examines impact of…

Proposes that e-mail peer response teaches students about audience and text. Explains that asynchronous electronic peer response helps students become better responders by: promoting a written exchange; using writing to express their thoughts, and giving them time and distance to think about their reactions. Proposes that this creates an…

Explores the image of men and women in annual week-long samples of prime-time network dramatic television programing over the past 17 years. Examines the relationship between television viewing and adult espousal of sexist views of the roles of men and women in society. (JS)

Examines the influence of prior information on children's emotional responses to a frightening program. Finds that forewarning of the threat increased anticipatory fear but did not affect emotional responses, and that prior knowledge of the happy outcome reduced anticipatory fear but had an inconsistent effect on fear during the threatening scene.…

Examines the validity of audience involvement in the context of local television news by testing the relationships among (1) strength of news viewing motivation and involvement intensity; (2) type of news viewing motivation and involvement orientation; and (3) cognitive and emotional involvement. Finds that audience involvement during message…