Describes personal contributions made by the author in individualized instruction, including: Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI), the Doctor of Arts program, and the development of educational videodiscs. Innovations in these areas are discussed: education for the handicapped, personal development education, industrial and military…

Data from a 1974 national survey on career interests and influences of high school seniors were used to develop a theoretical vocational interest model. Results of factor analysis of one dimension ("Realistic Services") of vocational interest indicated that sex was an important predictor of interest in this vocational dimension. (MF)

Some methods for getting adult learners to participate in classroom discussions are offered by a training manager. The trainer's attitude and the classroom environment contribute to motivating all trainees to participate, stimulate the nonparticipant to join in, and control the aggressiveness of the overparticipant. (MF)

Examined autonomy and individuation levels within financial, residential, romantic, and family formation domains among 17- to 27-year-olds in a community-based longitudinal study. Found that subgroup differences related to family socioeconomic status, parental divorce, gender, or race were not generally attributable to educational enrollment. Both…

Examined nonshared environmental (NSE) influences on twin preschoolers' behavior independent of genetics. Found that within-pair parenting differences correlated with monozygotic differences in behavior. For the extreme 10 percent of the parenting-discordant and behavior-discordant distributions, average NSE effect size was 11 percent, suggesting…

Wisconsin teachers (N=416) who had preservice multicultural education training were surveyed by mail to discover what they were doing in their classrooms to attend to diversity based on race and ethnicity, gender, and social class in the areas of curriculum and material, expectations, instructions, and student-student relationships. (IAH)

Educational opportunity is often based on standardized testing and normative educational structures, which can perpetuate labeling and inequality. Rather than force students to conform to fixed expectations and models, schools must assure the delivery of educational services to all students through individualized instruction and alternative…

Questions the plausibility of the unitary competence hypothesis, which assumes a universal structure of second language competence. New evidence, showing divergent structures in language ability subgroups and different influences of teaching styles on different language components, better supports a multidimensional model of foreign language…

The term "ethno-lingual relativity" is a perspective that is not limited by one's own cultural and linguistic experiences, but rather is open to the contrasting cultural and linguistic patterns of other peoples. This article explores the hypothesis that having such a perspective might facilitate second language acquisition. (19 references)…

Examined potential differences in psychological correlates between mothers with high and low levels of separation anxiety when their children were 8 months, 3.5 years, and 6 years of age. Mothers with extremely high levels of anxiety about short-term separation from their six year olds tended to have higher levels of depressive symptomatology.…

Examines the role of human capital and labor market characteristics in explaining geographic and individual differentials in socioeconomic outcomes of Puerto Rican women in mainland United States. Human capital plays a larger role than do labor market characteristics in the better socioeconomic performance of Puerto Ricans outside the Northeast.…

Compares experiences of 73 African-American and 73 white undergraduates (30 males and 116 females) on a large predominantly white university campus, controlling for past academic achievement. African Americans' experiences reflect aspects of their personal backgrounds that differ from those of whites more than they reflect academic background…

Five papers on research related to learning and instruction discuss the following: subjective competence and self-assessment; development of quantitative-relational abilities from childhood to adolescence; detecting functional relations in a computerized learning environment; developmental patterns and individual differences in word-search…

Genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in tests of intelligence and school achievement were investigated in a study from the Colorado Adoption Project. A multivariate conditional path model was fitted to general cognitive ability and reading performance data from 119 adoptive and 120 nonadoptive families. (SLD)

This meta-analysis with literature review considers whether the self-concepts of gifted and nongifted children differ and explores the effects on self-concept of labeling a child as gifted and placing the child in special programs. Studies indicate a generally higher academic self-concept among gifted students. (SLD)