In a seminal paper, Moher (Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 10.1177/0956797619886809, 2020) reported that a salient distractor induced observers to quit the search early when the target was absent and increased the error rate when the target was present. This early quitting effect (EQE) was considered to impact real-world target detection. We were…

Human and animal behaviors are influenced by goal-directed planning or automatic habitual choices. Reinforcement learning (RL) models propose two distinct learning strategies: a model-based strategy, which is more flexible but computationally demanding, and a model-free strategy is less flexible yet computationally efficient. In the current RL…

Cognitive load theory describes the mechanisms for the transfer of information from human working memory to long-term memory. This theory posits that increasing the number of interactive elements, such as interconnections, may increase cognitive load. This study investigates the impact of interconnections in concept maps on cognitive load,…

In education, the concept of 'thinking skills' has long been contentious. This article revisits the 2010 debate between Stephen Johnson and Harvey Siegel on whether thinking can be taught as a general skill. To weigh in on this ongoing dispute, it contributes a novel perspective by augmenting key insights from 4E cognition to avoid treating…

Opportunities to closely monitor and evaluate students' mathematical thinking enables accurate interpretations of their conceptual understanding. This methodological paper reports on a novel and versatile analysis approach to extract student thinking during mathematical games through the generation of Dynamic Learning Artefacts (DLAs).…

This study investigates the impact of perceived work-related diversity on two virtual idea-generation methods (video-based oral brainstorming and virtual brainwriting) on the innovative process during both the idea-generation and selection phases. A total of 157 working students were randomly assigned to 57 small groups to complete brainstorming…

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) has not been studied in people with Intellectual Developmental Disability, a population with a high incidence of dementia. Commonly adopted CR proxies should be adapted to reflect more specifically the experiences of people with Intellectual Developmental Disability. Method: This scoping review intended to…

Engaging in the construction and interpretation of graphs is a complex process involving concerted activation of context-specific cognitive resources. As students engage in this process, they apply fine-grained, intuitive ideas to graphical patterns: graphical forms. Using data involving pairs of students constructing and interpreting graphs, we…

A wandering mind is not always a creative mind. Anecdotes about ideas spontaneously entering awareness during walks, showers, and other off-task activities are plenty. The science behind it, however, is still inconclusive. Creativity might result from how thought context--whether thoughts are on-task or off-task--relates to thought dynamics--how…

Previous research suggests that children's ability to label visual features (e.g. "red") and dimensions (e.g. "color") impacts attention to visual dimensions. The goal of this study is to investigate variations in the quality of the neural system supporting dimensional label comprehension and production in relation to…

This qualitative descriptive case study explores how genealogists describe the mechanism of epistemic change in their research, highlighting the roles of epistemological doubt, epistemological volition, and resolution strategies. It explores the integration of digital technologies in genealogical practices in the United States and their…

While attention has long been a concern in western philosophy and eastern spirituality, technologies (e.g., social media, gaming) and pathologies (e.g., attention deficit disorders) have recently foregrounded the issue specifically in education. Issues of "student" absorption and diversion have been widely discussed; comparatively less…

Functions are an essential concept in mathematics. The studies that have examined functions in advanced contexts have primarily focused on students' reasoning about specific types of functions (such as binary operations and isomorphisms) but not on the core characteristics of well-definedness and everywhere-definedness. Here, we report on a study…

Calvino's reflection on "quickness" brings the reader through a zig-zag journey without a predefined destination, crossing the history of literature in order to think about writing and the relationship between physical speed and speed of mind. To discuss quickness as a virtue, Calvino refers to the potentiality of human reasoning and…

This book takes the reader on a journey of metacognitive learning. You are invited to explore mental processes to understand and learn key concepts. The authors help readers discover their learning potential by informing them about how thought processes work, while also offering practical strategies and techniques. This book not only offers a deep…