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Peer reviewed
Direct linkYasuki Noguchi – npj Science of Learning, 2024
When we memorize multiple words simultaneously, semantic relatedness among those words assists memory. For example, the information about "apple", "banana," and "orange" will be connected via a common concept of "fruits" and become easy to retain and recall. Neural mechanisms underlying this semantic…
Descriptors: Memory, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Brain
Regine Cassandra Lau; Peter J. Anderson; Susan Gathercole; Joshua F. Wiley; Megan Spencer-Smith – Child Development, 2025
Most cognitive training programs are adaptive, despite limited direct evidence that this maximizes children's outcomes. This randomized controlled trial evaluated working memory training with difficulty of activities presented using adaptive, self-select, or stepwise compared with an active control. At baseline, immediately, and 6-months…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Short Term Memory, Children, Thinking Skills
Sarah A. Orban; Jennifer S. Blessing; Madelyn K. Sandone; Benjamin Conness; Jenna Santer – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2026
Objective: Proneness to boredom has been reported in ADHD populations; however, no study to date has examined potential mediators of ADHD-related boredom. The current study investigated whether individuals with ADHD traits exhibit higher levels of boredom propensity relative to their peers without ADHD traits and explore if attention control and…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Psychological Patterns, Short Term Memory, Young Adults
Martina Fontana; Sandra Pellizzoni; Maria Chiara Passolunghi – International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2025
Inhibition and Working Memory (WM) are crucial predictors of everyday life autonomies in people with Down Syndrome (DS). We aimed to investigate the possible relationship between different levels of autonomy, inhibitory sub-components and WM in people with DS. Twenty-two adolescents and adults with DS were enrolled in the study and were assessed…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Short Term Memory, Personal Autonomy, Down Syndrome
Ann Folker; Christina Bertrand; Yelim Hong; Laurence Steinberg; Natasha Duell; Lei Chang; Laura Di Giunta; Kenneth A. Dodge; Sevtap Gurdal; Daranee Junla; Jennifer E. Lansford; Paul Oburu; Concetta Pastorelli; Ann T. Skinner; Emma Sorbring; Marc H. Bornstein; Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado; Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong; Liane Peña Alampay; Suha M. Al-Hassan; Dario Bacchini; Kirby Deater-Deckard – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive functioning (EF) is an important developing self-regulatory process that has implications for academic, social, and emotional outcomes. Most work in EF has focused on childhood, and less has examined the development of EF throughout adolescence and into emerging adulthood. The present study assessed longitudinal trajectories of EF from…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Adolescents, Young Adults, Age Differences
Ruoyang Hu; Robert A. Jacobs – Cognitive Science, 2024
Visual working memory (VWM) refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of visual information. Although visually different, objects we view and remember can share the same higher-level category information, such as an apple, orange, and banana all being classified as fruit. We study the influence of category information on VWM, focusing on…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Visual Stimuli, Semantics
Omid Khatin-Zadeh; Danyal Farsani – Cogent Education, 2024
In this article, we introduce the notion of "motion simulation hinge" and discuss its role in mental simulation of previously-experienced motion events and also mental simulation of scientific concepts in terms of motion events. Motion simulation hinge is defined as a static imaginary object or area around which or relative to which a…
Descriptors: Motion, Simulation, Inhibition, Short Term Memory
Wenjing Wang; Mengqi Xiong; Binbin Guo; Rongchuan Huang; Mengxue Li; Mengyao Li; Xue Feng; Tianyu Qin; Zixu Wei – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2025
Working memory is a hot topic in the field of cognitive neuroscience and has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of education. In recent years, it has been found that the cognitive ability related to spatial information in working memory can positively affect STEM academic performance, which is highly important for educational…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Ability, STEM Education
Michael A. Levine; Huan Chen; Ericka L. Wodka; Brian S. Caffo; Joshua B. Ewen – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2025
Background: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) employs a hierarchical model of general intelligence in which index scores separate out different clinically-relevant aspects of intelligence; the test is designed such that index scores are statistically independent from one another within the normative sample. Whether or not the…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intelligence, Vertical Organization, Models
Tongyan Ren; Xuechen Ding; Chen Cheng – Developmental Science, 2025
Working memory (WM) is a critical cognitive system that supports processing a variety of information. Remembering different types of objects may impose different levels of cognitive demands on WM performance. In the present study, we examined 205 children's WM in representing different types of content and its developmental trajectories in early…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Schemata (Cognition), Preschool Children, Concept Formation
Download full textBilal Khalaf; Linda Al-Abbas; Ihab Mahmood; Othman Jaalout – Educational Process: International Journal, 2025
Background: Effective translation practice requires a profound understanding of source and target languages. Previous research acknowledges the role of context in translation, but few explore this through analysis of cognitive load translations. Purpose: This study aims to address a gap in educational research by investigating how contextual…
Descriptors: Translation, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Context Effect
Jamie Costley; Anastasiia Kapuza; Anna Gorbunova; Irina Shcheglova – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2025
Cognitive load theory describes the mechanisms for the transfer of information from human working memory to long-term memory. This theory posits that increasing the number of interactive elements, such as interconnections, may increase cognitive load. This study investigates the impact of interconnections in concept maps on cognitive load,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Concept Mapping, Short Term Memory
Chengyan Yang; Tongran Liu; Mengxin Wen; Xun Liu – npj Science of Learning, 2025
Human and animal behaviors are influenced by goal-directed planning or automatic habitual choices. Reinforcement learning (RL) models propose two distinct learning strategies: a model-based strategy, which is more flexible but computationally demanding, and a model-free strategy is less flexible yet computationally efficient. In the current RL…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Reinforcement, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
Caro Hautekiet; Naomi Langerock; Evie Vergauwe – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Many researchers agree that information residing in the focus of attention in working memory benefits from a boost in memory strength and activation, as well as heightened accessibility. However, recent studies have questioned this heightened accessibility. More specifically, these recent studies found reduced accessibility for an item in the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Attention, Inhibition, Recall (Psychology)
Matthieu Chidharom; Nancy B. Carlisle – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Attention allows us to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions. Effective suppression of distracting information is crucial for efficient visual search. Recent studies have developed two paradigms to investigate attentional suppression: cued-suppression which is based on top-down control, and learned-suppression which is based on…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Visual Aids, Short Term Memory
