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ERIC Number: EJ1478329
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025-Jun
Pages: 17
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0889-9401
EISSN: EISSN-2196-8926
Available Date: 2024-12-10
Understanding Echoics: Identifying Predictive Indicators of Vocal Imitation
Lee Mason1,2,3; Alexis Bolds2; Maeve Gavagan2; Chris Ninness4
Analysis of Verbal Behavior, v41 n1 p84-100 2025
A growing body of literature supports the use of echoic prompts toward conditioning other functional language skills. However, many individuals with autism spectrum disorder do not emit echoic behavior. Identifying the prerequisite skills of an echoic repertoire may be beneficial for intervention planning and clinical decision making. A chart review was conducted for 118 patients with autism who received early intensive behavioral intervention. We examined the Level 1 scores on the "Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program" (Sundberg, 2014) for all patients. Using their scores on the echoic skills subtest as a dependent variable, we ran a binomial logistic regression in which the remaining eight domains, along with age and sex, served as independent variables. Our logistic regression model was statistically significant: X[superscript 2](10) = 109.61, p < 0.001. The model explained 86.0% of the variance in echoic verbal behavior and correctly classified 95.8% of cases. Patients who demonstrated a mand repertoire were greater than 3.5 times more likely to also exhibit an echoic repertoire. Additionally, vocal play and motor imitation were associated with an increased ability to echo. Using binomial logistic regression, we identified three predictors influencing the echoic behavior of children with autism. Patients who demonstrated these three skills were statistically significantly more likely to echo the vocal verbal behavior of others. Additional research is now needed to confirm a functional relationship between each of these predictors and echoic control.
Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: 1Cook Children’s Health Care System, Child Study Center, Fort Worth, USA; 2Texas Christian University, Burnett School of Medicine, Fort Worth, USA; 3Texas Woman’s University, College of Professional Education, Denton, USA; 4Behavioral Software Systems & Human Interventions Institute, Nacogdoches, USA