Various algorithms used in addition, subtraction, and division problems were identified. The percentages of people in the National Assessment survey populations using each method are reported, as are the percentages of those using the most popular methods who answered correctly. Implications for instruction are discussed. (SD) Aspect of National…

Discusses a study of the relationship between contributions to scientific knowledge and the application of those contributions. Data collected from a U.S. Forest Service project indicate that the impact of research and development is greater when the knowledge-creation process is seen as a response to client needs rather than when researchers are…

In discussing the past, present, and future of research in teacher effectiveness, this article notes that researcher's conceptions of teacher effectiveness has determined the nature of the research and the usefulness of the findings; process-product research can produce reliable information; the tools needed to build a knowledge base for effective…

This speech on the International Project for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) discusses policy perspectives which could be aided by information such as: relationships between educational policy and social and economic policy, the structure of basic schooling, and the effects of school resources and instructional processes. (CTM)

British and American approaches to educational evaluation are compared in terms of definition, political genesis, the agencies which commission and execute evaluation studies, and the use of results. The future evolution of these evaluation approaches is also discussed. (JAC)

A new approach is described for building a bridge between evaluation and policy-making functions in the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. This linkage, the evaluation analysis and policy development process, has important implications for the utilization of evaluation findings and for the career evaluator. (Author/GDC)

In this comment, the authors point to the need for editorial criteria (or censorship) in the publication of scientific research. Specifically, they refer to an article on transracial adoption and I Q, previously published in this journal, whose discussion section contained implications that could be misinterpreted by some readers. (AM)

An evaluation of the National Diffusion Network (NDN) as a new approach to the diffusion of educational innovations is presented, and novel characteristics of the system are described. (MJB)

This article lists strategies based on research into child development which can be used to protect the mental health of young children. (CM)

Among the foreseeable trends in Soviet higher education are that (1) specialist training will become more flexible and will train workers of broader competence, (2) managerial personnel will be trained with relevant technological knowledge, (3) teaching methods will be modified to keep up with computer technology, and (4) higher education…

Research on television's influence on children's behaviors, both aggressive and prosocial, is discussed. (AM)

Authors of the Wilms study on the effectiveness of public and proprietary vocational training respond to critical analysis of their report and call for new research studies to build on their research and corroborate or refute their findings. (Editor/JT)

The most important job of the teacher educator is to link results of educational research to classroom application in a given school room with a given group of children and a specific teacher. (JD)

Concludes that today's problems are complex and that their solutions may be equally complicated. The overriding need is for the straightforward application of social science techniques governed by human values. (Author/AM)

Coleman's message has been misunderstood, it is argued, because the scholar has been engaging in a perilous exercise that is not uncommon among social scientists. He has been mixing rhetoric and research in many recent pronouncements, and few people know which is which. The scientist and advocate hats must be clearly labeled. (Author/JM)