Results of an annual survey provide an analysis of physical plant costs by major functional area and object of expense, as reported in each university's operating fund. The principles observed in reporting, definitions, and explanatory comments on the cost categories and their scopes precede a series of summary tables for: total and percentage…

A study of the energy usage for 20 St. Cloud (Minnesota) district buildings was completed by a firm of consulting engineers. For each building, the study established a Total Energy Index (TEI) composed of the fuel, electricity, and water consumed during the base line year, fiscal year 1977-78. In addition, the blueprints and any proposed…

This guidebook is intended for parents of French-speaking students in Alberta. It describes French-as-a-first-language education in Alberta and provides information to help parents, in collaboration with school personnel and the wider francophone community in Alberta, to preserve and develop their children's identity as speakers of French and as…

This paper discusses the role that culture and language can play in American Indian education, as well as some challenges of incorporating culture in education. The movement toward incorporation of language and culture in school curricula emerges out of a tattered educational history. This history shows how the use of Native languages and cultures…

Discusses the relationships among bilingual education, biliteracy, diglossia, and native language maintenance. Pedagogical research in Latin American indigenous languages and Navajo indicate that indigenous language literacy instruction and bilingual methods also contribute significantly to literacy development in the national language (English or…

Three Native Americans discuss Native American history and the quest for tribal sovereignty, their educational experiences, their views on the conference and the development of a First Nations graduate program, the importance of preserving and transmitting Native American culture and language, and the importance of Native Americans with advanced…

The Peruvian national indigenous federation established a bilingual, intercultural teachers' training program to counter stereotypes of indigenous people portrayed in the authoritarian, monolingual Spanish national curriculum, and to enhance language preservation, ethnic mobilization, and cultural survival. A complementary transitional bilingual…

Euro-Western schooling imposed on Canada Natives was meant to destroy their culture and caused great alienation. This qualitative study of Onyota'a:ka (Oneida) Indians indicates that bilingual, bicultural education is needed to restore a strong Native identity. Education must validate traditional knowledge, values, and skills for Onyota'a:ka…

In Chiapas (Mexico), the public schools call themselves bilingual, but in reality they consider traditional languages inferior and teach only in Spanish. Sna Jtz'ibajom, a Chiapas group that preserves Mayan culture through oral and written literature, founded a community school that has taught over 2,000 men, women, and children to read and write…

The traditional culture of the Stle7esht tribe of British Columbia has no word for art, because everything is art. Years of Eurocentric boarding schools have threatened this culture. The New Zealand Maori model of working outside the formal school system through early childhood education can be adapted by the Stle7esht to foster cultural…

Examines the efforts of indigenous communities in the United States to maintain and revitalize their languages by restoring traditional learning environments and creating new ones. Describes immersion programs in Hawaiian and Navajo, bilingual education programs, master-apprentice programs, development of a Hualapai writing system and resources,…

In this paper we examine the language situation among the Gypsies of Jordan within the framework of previous theories on language maintenance and shift as proposed by Le Page, Fishman, Dorian and Kelman. The study investigates language and cultural maintenance among the Gypsies of Jordan to permit comparison of the relative influences of various…

The national language patterns of Hispanics are assessed across three generations using data from the 1979 Current Population Survey. The apparently high rates of Spanish use and maintenance found in 1979 and 1980 are consistent with earlier sources that report much lower rates because of the rewording of the language use questions in the 1979…

Tells students how to save money through careful selection of equipment for printing the newspaper. (RB)

Examines the literature concerning custodial workload assignments, lists variables in the determination of workload, and constructs a Work Level Index to determine the relative amount of work necessary in a custodial operation. (Author/MLF)