The influence of summer experiences on the re-enrollment pattern of students at the City University of New York was studied. Students who began as first-time freshmen in fall 1978 were evaluated over a 2-year period. Information was available for 21,079 students; however, 1,466 students who completed associate degrees during the study period were…

This study examined the dynamics and outcomes of the selection procedures of Chapter 1 programs in order to provide information needed for program reauthorization. Of central concern was the reason for variation in the student and school selection characteristics across districts. As information was analyzed and compared for Chapter 1 and…

Using recent research on the causes of educational disadvantage in order to arrive at a working definition of educationally disadvantaged children, this paper considers the educational experiences of children at home, in the community, and at school. Thus, families and communities may be viewed as educationally deficient without necessarily being…

This study describes four middle schools which educate poor and minority students more effectively than most middle schools in the New York City public school system. These schools were studied in order to define the characteristics associated with academic effectiveness. Chapter 1 provides the demographics and the test score results for each…

Nine case studies of effective district and school-level programs for serving highly able, disadvantaged students in mathematics and science are presented. Case study sites included: Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Challenge '85, Salina, Oklahoma; Gifted and Talented Program, James A. Garfield High School, Los Angeles,…

A summer employment and training project for high school dropouts was conducted at Florida's Pensacola Junior College (PJC) through the college's Adult High School. The program participants were economically disadvantaged teenagers who were eligible for Job Training Partnership Act funding. All but four of the 20 participants were high school…

This paper summarizes what can be surmised about the nature and causes of persistent poverty and how it affects Hispanics, especially Chicanos. Section 1, "Persistent Poverty among Urban Minorities: A Review of the Literature," reviews the overall literature on the subject. Both documentary literature describing persistent poverty and…

This report presents the results of a study that was conducted concerning the progress through the educational system, since the enactment of the Higher Education Act of 1965, of four large groups of Americans: women, Blacks, Hispanics, and low family income students. The study found that women have made steady and substantial progress over the…

This paper responds to the Bush Administration's opposition to including private schools in systems of subsidized choice, and argues that parental choice among public and private schools will promote tolerance and remedy social conflict. In view of President Bush's endorsement of the benign effects of competition, his insistence on an all-public…

In 1985-86, Project CAUSA completed a three-year funding cycle at Grover Cleveland High School in Queens, New York. The project provided 132 newly arrived students from Italy and several Spanish-speaking countries with instruction in English as a second language (ESL), native language arts, and content areas. Basic goals were to help students…

Project JOBS (Job Opportunities for Bilingual Students) is a Title VII-funded project providing English as a second language (ESL) and content area and career-related instruction to students of limited English proficiency (LEP) at South Shore High School and James Madison High School in Brooklyn, New York. In 1985-86, Project JOBS was in the third…

Several independent analyses of the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) indicate that it has achieved mixed results and has failed to effectively serve disadvantaged youth and school dropouts. It can only offer short-term, low-cost programs, and has difficulty in attracting youths. The number of dropouts being served is declining. The…

A career development conference was targeted to disadvantaged young adults who needed assistance in their transition from school to work. Conference participants were 27 economically disadvantaged clients of an agency in southwestern Virginia partially funded by resources from the Job Training Partnership Act. The conference was designed to meet…

Making sense of developmental education in the two-year college is difficult, particularly in the shadow of the fear that it is not working very well. There is no choice, however, but to examine openly a serious problem. The "story" about developmental education in the two-year college that most educators would like to believe is that of…

Charles Murray's book, "Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980," proposes the abolition of benefit programs for all working-aged persons for the following reasons: (1) it is logically impossible for the government to aid the poor by creating incentives for people to become poor; (2) since the mid-1960s the United States has so…