This study investigates the relationships of domain-general cognitive abilities and domain-specific verbal and mathematical abilities to students' educational characteristics when two theoretically grounded, but competing structural models are applied. In the standard model, a single latent ability causes interindividual differences in the…

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that childhood language problems persist into early adulthood. Nevertheless, little is known about how individual and environmental characteristics influence the language growth of individuals identified with speech/language problems. Method: Individual growth curve models were utilised to examine how…

Job satisfaction has been associated with a variety of behaviours relating to communication. However, very little research has been conducted in primary schools encompassing job satisfaction and a range of communication variables. This study investigated the relationships between aspects of organizational communication and facets of job…

Teacher organization is a crucial part of classroom functioning; however, its relation to student achievement has not been investigated as extensively as that of instruction. In this study, organization is defined as the amount of time teachers spend explaining the purpose and procedures of learning activities and daily routines. Data from…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of two theories of HIV disclosure previously tested with men. Participants included 125 HIV-positive women enrolled in a larger, longitudinal study of HIV disclosure and mental health. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the proposed theoretical models. The disease…

Analyzed the clinical utility of including social desirability (SD) assessment in the risk assessment and prediction of suicidal behavior in both a general population (N=197) and psychiatric sample (N=96). Results indicated that SD assessment is useful, particularly among psychiatric patients and when historical reports of suicidal behavior are…

Investigates the referral of subjects (N=7,335) to alcohol treatment. Variables were demographics, drinking pattern, alcohol-related behavior, and pathology. The most important factor in referring to outpatient therapy was employment. Inpatient subjects had heavier prior involvement with alcohol and more severe physical problems. (JAC)

Assessed patients with closure difficulty on the Bender-Gestalt (N=50) and patients with edging tendencies on the Bender-Gestalt (N=50) for possible personality traits associated with those drawing styles. Results did not support using clients' Bender-Gestalt drawing style as a basis for inferring personality traits. (LLL)

Multiple regression analysis is used with considerable frequency by researchers as a means of predicting the impact of predictor variables on a dependent variable. Regression predictors are typically correlated, often intentionally. To better understand the relative contribution of each independent variable in regression (and other) analyses,…

Prior research suggests that poverty can be detrimental to low-income children's development. Is this relation capturing the effects of poverty or the effects of other characteristics of low-income families associated with poverty? An instrumental variables estimation strategy is used with data from a pilot welfare reform program to answer these…

Public Health Model was used to examine relationships between smoking severity (never smokers, former smokers, continued smokers) and host and environmental variables. Results indicate former smokers are more like never smokers on most risk and protective variables. Final analyses indicated continued smokers are more likely to be Non-Black and…

Examined joint direct and interactive influences of organizational commitment and job involvement on employee absence rates in bus drivers (N=192). Results support hypothesis that commitment and involvement interact as related to drivers' personal absences, but not as related to absences resulting from illness, family obligation, or transportation…

Handedness cannot be predicted using a single performance measure, and preference measures of handedness are unreliable because of their subjectivity. This report was designed to examine the relationship between hand performance and hand preference using six different measures: the Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire (a measure of hand preference),…

Safer sex is important for protection against STDs and HIV/AIDS. Most of the HIV-related research is targeted towards high-risk groups such as prostitutes, gays and substance abusers there is evidence that HIV/AIDS is increasing in college students particularly among African-American college students. The purpose of this study was to study…

The goal of the present study is to demonstrate the ways in which multilevel models can be applied to family research. We emphasize the conceptual issues in family research that this data analytic technique helps us to address. The family represents a nested, hierarchical structure in which multiple children from the same family are not…