Investigated the influence of sex, sex-role orientation, family size, birth order, and locus of control as predictors of sextypical career choice in 113 college students who completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory and Rotter I-E Scale. Results showed biological sex was the most influential predictor, especially for males. (JAC)

Examines three critical components of interpersonal cognitive problem solving (alternative-thinking ability, evaluative judgments of response alternatives, and consequential thinking) among 188 elementary school students with differing levels of aggressiveness, assertiveness, and submissiveness. Findings indicate interrelatedness of the cognitive…

Assessed relationship between age and treatment expectation (TE) among psychiatric patients. Results showed TE rises with age. Higher TE lead to better adjustment, however, older age and higher TE in combination, did not translate into better community adjustment. Differences were most pronounced in psychotics and in older patients not fully…

Identified factors related to eating disorders in young adolescent girls. Findings revealed significant differences among the girls based on intact versus broken family; subjects' actual and preferred weight; whether the family ate meals together; average grades; age and grade in school; fathers' occupation; future career plans; place of…

Examined the amount of time adolescents spend viewing television. Findings indicated that adolescents viewed television 147 minutes per day. Employment of mother significantly affected the time adolescents spend viewing television. Sex of adolescent, age of father, mother, and adolescent, education of father and mother, income of family, and day…

Examined the frequency of wife assault among New Zealand mothers. Wife assault occurred at a rate of 2 percent to 3 percent per year. Rates of assault were related to length of marriage, type of marriage, planning of pregnancy, parental age, church attendance, and family socioeconomic status. (Author/BL)

Describes Expert 4, a knowledge-base management system which develops student performance predictors based on routinely collected student data. When exploited, these predictors serve to improve recruitment and selection processes. Tabulations of data on library and business information technology students, produced by Expert 4, are presented to…

Investigated use of analog tasks for determining difficulties that high school chemistry students (N=619) might encounter in solving molarity problems. One finding is that analog task used is a predictor of success on a molarity test. (Author/JN)

Describes the success rate index and computer software utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of residential treatment programs. The program is sensitive to influences, provides for differential weighting of quantitative evidence, and provides information that can guide planners in improving the quality of treatment. (BL)

Examined the extent to which physical fitness varied among adolescent males (N=381) with varying intentions of smoking. Results showed subjects reporting no intention of smoking cigarettes were significantly more physically fit than mild intenders and strong intenders. Etiological factors are discussed. (JAC)

Explores whether an empirical classification of healthy fetuses as fetal heart rate accelerators or decelerators would predict birth weight and neonatal behavior scored with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale. (Author/RH)

Investigated correlates of depression in spinal multiple sclerosis outpatients (N=120). Results showed that the more depressed individuals tended to be more disabled, older, had never experienced a remission, and, in particular, perceived family and friends as providing less social support than those who were less depressed. (LLL)

Examined the nonmedical utilization rates of selected substances among an adolescent population of students (N=2,036). Analysis of psychosocial variables indicated that age at first use; frequency of use of marijuana, alcohol and cigarettes; and amount of available spending money were significant predictors of drug use. (LLL)

Conducted a retrospective study of 102 Swiss seniors to determine nonmedical factors affecting substantial care days required prior to death. Protected senior housing and an independent and helpful personality seemed to contribute significantly to compression of morbidity and to reduced need for long-term institutional care. (JAC)

Presenting a new theory of work role transitions, a conceptual framework for analyzing and predicting modes of adjustment to transition is outlined. Includes a list of references. (MD)