A study of children who stutter (n=12), who have recovered early from stuttering (n=12), and who recovered later from stuttering (n=12) compared the phonological characteristics of the three groups with a control group. Results indicated that poor phonological ability in the early stage of stuttering appeared to be a contributing factor to the…

Describes two variants of the form-priming paradigm (direct and mediated form priming) and summarizes the results obtained with each. With both variants, participants are presented with a target, to which a response is required, preceded by a prime. (28 references) (Author/CK)

Responses from 117 of 300 human resource development faculty indicated that 46.6% variance in salaries was related to four variables: rank, reward structure, years full-time teaching, and doctoral degree. Research was rewarded more than teaching or service. Lower numbers of women at higher salary levels may result from lower percentage of women in…

Data from a South Wales study (n=1,104) and British adult learner survey (n=5,885) found little clear evidence supporting the economic imperative for lifelong learning. Policies have not resulted in increased training opportunities. Many employers are not supporting work-based learning; participation is largely predictable from individuals' social…

Investigates the Drug Use Screening Inventory's (DUSI) utility for identifying youth who will develop a disorder of abuse/dependence. Findings indicate that the DUSI, taking only 15-20 minutes to complete, is a useful practical instrument to identify youth who could benefit most from prevention interventions. (Contains 12 references and 4 tables.)…

Evaluates the buffering effect of cumulative protection on adolescent alcohol use in the presence of high and moderate cumulative risk. Students with high scores on the cumulative risk factor index engaged in more alcohol use compared to those with low scores; those with high scores on the cumulative protective factor index engaged in less alcohol…

In this study, 236 clinically referred substance abusing adolescents were grouped on level of self-reported and parent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms and compared on important variables. Results reveals that clinically referred adolescent substance abusers can be meaningfully distinguished on levels of externalizing and…

Examines the moderating influences of psychosocial functioning on the relation between perceived neighborhood risk and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use in inner-city, ethnic minority youths. Neighborhood risk uniquely predicted alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use; however, some relations were qualified by level of psychosocial functioning.…

Baseline, one-year and two-year follow-up interviews were obtained from 164 arrested youths processed at a juvenile assessment center in a prospective longitudinal study. A structural equation model that included cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among drug (alcohol and marijuana), drug sales and index offenses was supported by the…

Examines family variables that may influence adolescent substance use during the 6 months following inpatient treatment: parental substance use, family aftercare attendance, and adolescent ratings of family helpfulness. Results revealed no relationship between either parental substance use and family aftercare attendance or reports of family…

Assesses the relative effects of parents and peers on adolescent alcohol use via mechanisms of attachment and opportunity. Results indicated that peers are more influential than parents in shaping adolescents' patterns of alcohol consumption and that unstructured peer interaction is an especially powerful predictor of adolescent alcohol use and…

Study identifies ways that traumatic experiences and trauma-associated feelings can be offense triggers for juvenile sex offenders. Researchers interviewed the treating clinicians of 40 male juvenile sex offenders. Overall, clinicians identified prior trauma exposure as being related to the offense triggers in 85% of offenders. Implications for…

Investigates the influence of psychological variables upon female college students' aspirations for leadership positions in their future careers. Results demonstrated that connectedness needs, gender role, self-esteem, and fears of negative evaluation accounted for a significant amount of the variance in predicting college women's leadership…

This paper investigates some characteristics of families with disruptive children and depressed mothers, and compares the observed behaviors of disruptive children of depressed and non-depressed mothers. Differences observed suggest that, while children of depressed mothers employed a similar range of disruptive behaviors to other disruptive…

Previous literature has identified a number of variables that lead to substance abuse behavior. Studies that take a multifaceted, theoretical approach are limited. This study proposes the integration of differential association, social learning, social bonding, seduction and self-control theories. Proposes that a multifaceted approach contributes…