Two weeks after 146 participants completed a survey of openness to differences, they evaluated hypothetical job applicants: a female Native American in the treatment group, a White male in the control group. The treatment-group candidate was rated significantly lower and recommended less frequently. Low openness scores correlated with…

Interviews with four delinquent youth in the process of real-life transitions reveal that predicting resilience or recidivism is not always as simple as quantifying research-identified risk or protective factors. Suggests that there may be other factors that have not yet been pinpointed that should be explored when trying to predict resilience or…

This literature review of family factors associated with externalizing behavior disorders such as hyperactivity and aggression in preschoolers found that: (1) preschoolers with externalizing disorders had families who were more likely than comparison families to have at least one type of negative characteristic; and (2) family characteristics were…

Presents a general class of single-case statistical procedures derived from previously developed nonparametric randomization tests. Designs are illustrated that focus on the general and comparative effectiveness of alternative interventions, multiple units with differentiable characteristics, and multiple outcome measures. Provides operational…

Examined the number and nature of temperamental types in 488 children, age 3 years 6 months. Configural-frequency-analysis methods showed clear support for two temperament types: controlled-nonexpressive and noncontrolled-expressive. These types showed meaningful differences against external criteria related to a wide range of problem behaviors.…

For a sample of young workers, "promotion" involved no change in position or duties; promotion was more likely for males than females and Whites than Blacks or Hispanics. Company training and prior promotions were important predictors. Promotion did not appear to have a direct impact on job satisfaction. (SK)

Examines the direct and indirect influences of dysphoria on primary and secondary appraisal, coping, and psychological and physical adjustment in college students (N=361). Results indicate that the link between dysphoria and adjustment was mediated by appraisals and coping. Suggests that dysphoria has both direct and indirect influences on…

Surveys of students both during and following a six-week strike by faculty at York University (Ontario) found that students faced academic and economic hardship during and after the strike and that only a minority of students supported the strike. However, attitudes toward unions, and not personal hardship, were the best predictors of student…

A study of 124 maltreated children (ages 5-10) examined the way in which they processed social information 12 months following entrance into foster care. Measures reflecting unbiased and competent processing were predictive of social adaptation, whereas measures reflecting biased and incompetent processing were predictive of behavior problems.…

Presents data showing that the Rhyming Detection instructions do not have the effect claimed by Bryant (1998). Argues that Bryant's new measure reflects children's global sensitivity to sound similarities between different words and provides no convincing support for his conclusion. Concludes that their evidence supports the view that phonemic…

Examines the relationship between psychological variables and repetition of deliberate self-harm by adolescents who have been admitted to hospital following an overdose. Adolescents with a history of previous overdose had higher scores for depression, hopelessness, and trait anger. Determined that depression is a key factor associated with risk of…

Examines cognitive-personality and situational factors which contribute to the decision to consume alcohol in a mixed sex interaction among college students. Reports that men were more likely to choose alcohol, as were those with positive alcohol expectancies and those who perceived their partner as anxious. Typical alcohol consumption and fear of…

Examined how behavior of mothers and preschoolers predicted behavior problems at preschool, first grade, and third grade. Found that maternal negativity was predicted, beyond the child's disruptive behavior, by mothers' perception of low spousal agreement and support related to child problems and depression. Third graders' symptoms and ADHD and…

Disenfranchised Latina adolescents (N=140) and their mothers presenting at a large urban emergency room after a suicide attempt by the adolescent were assessed to examine treatment adherence. Predictor variables for treatment adherence were established. Results are discussed in relation to treatment session attendance. Implications for the…

A study involving 156 first-year special education teachers examined the frequency and perceived effectiveness of the mentoring they received, the characteristics of the mentors, and the teachers' plans to remain in special education. The perceived effectiveness of the mentoring was significantly correlated with plans to remain in special…