Surveyed rural French students age 13-18 years to investigate the extent to which measures of social control and learning/differential association theories could be generalized to, and help explain, delinquency. Social control measures either did not form reliable scales or were not significantly related to various offense scales. Measures of…

Understanding of the cardinality principle in children with Williams Syndrome (WS) was compared to that of typically developing children. Findings indicated that such understanding was extremely delayed in WS children and only at the level predicted by their visuo-spatial mental age. Findings suggested that visuo-spatial ability played a greater…

Observed Head Start and community samples with regard to children's initiations of negative interactions. Found that Head Start children tended to have higher scores for negative initiations and for one aggression scale, but these results were qualified. Found that aggression and negative behavior measures were positive predictors of social…

Rudeness and status can affect group-problem-solving processes. A new statistical method for analyzing group processes was used to analyze predictors of agreement and solution score. In successful groups, agreement was affected positively by academic status and negatively by justifications. In unsuccessful groups, however, agreement was affected…

Two experiments examined how different frustration contexts affect the instrumental and emotional responses of 4- to 5-month-olds. Both experiments showed that arm responses increased when the contingent stimulus was lost or reduced but decreased when control of the stimulus was lost under noncontingency. Facial expressions of anger, but not…

Examines the relationships between organic chemistry achievement and a number of cognitive and noncognitive variables, and explores whether gender differences existed for any of these relationships. Concludes that general chemistry grade, ACT-math score, and motivation are significant predictors of organic chemistry achievement. Indicates gender…

Two experiments examined the communicative bases of preschoolers' object appearance-reality (AR) errors. Found that AR performance correlated positively with performance on a control test with the same discourse structure but nondeceptive stimuli, and on a naming test. Overall findings indicated that the discourse structure of AR tests elicits a…

Study explored relationship of depressed mood and gender to treatment response in adolescents admitted to Emergency Department (ED) for alcohol-related incidents. Findings showed depressed mood reported at ED visit appears to motivate drinking reductions in early- to mid-adolescent girls. Clinicians may be able to capitalize on depressive symptoms…

Studies the effectiveness of the Warning Signs program in educating urban high school youth about the signs of potential violence in themselves and others. No differences were found with exposure to the program. Presents suggestions for school counselors using this program along with the program's limitations. (Contains 23 references and 5…

Daughters from low-income families not receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) are compared to daughters from low-income families receiving assistance to better account for family in intergenerational association of AFDC. Although this research cannot establish a causal role, intergenerational transition of financial resources…

A study examined the basis of "theory of mind" (ToM) reasoning in 20 native signers (ages 4-8) of British Sign Language. Children and their siblings were given a measure of the quality of sibling relations. Sibling quality as perceived by siblings predicted children's ToM score over age and referential communication. (Contains…

Discusses the overprediction of minority students' college grades in studies using test scores and high school grades. Describes a study of 790 fourth-year undergraduates, analyzing both academic and nonacademic measures to see if more accurate predictions could be obtained. Reports that the addition of nonacademic constructs resulted in better…

Discusses the role of friendships in children's development. Examines the meaning of the term friendship; the roots of friendship development; the role of parents, teachers, and siblings; and concerns about children's choices. Suggests that positive attitudes, when established early in life, can affect physical and mental health and the quality of…

Examined 128 children for contributions of biomedical risk conditions, SES, and HOME scores to prediction of intelligence, and association of extreme scores on HOME and SES to intelligence-test performance. Found home environment was the most important predictor of intelligence at all ages, with SES showing a smaller effect beginning at age 5.…

Describes a study conducted at Rutgers University (New Jersey) that observed 24 graduate students' relevance judgments during information retrieval. Discusses implications for finding relevance dimensions, the measurement of relevance, thesaurus construction, evaluation of information retrieval, and variables affecting relevance judgments. (LRW)