In the wake of criticism for not including more British writers in the 2005 nominations for the prestigious Gold Dagger Award for Best Crime Novel by the Crime Writers Association (CWA), the organization recruited a new sponsor, replaced the Gold Dagger with a richer prize, and restricted nominees to books written in English. As a consolation…

At first glance, communicating a suspect's rights in police interviews appears to be a straightforward task. However, it is more complex than it appears. In particular, for suspects who come from different cultural backgrounds or legal systems and who rely on interpreters in police interviews, ensuring a thorough understanding of their rights and…

In cross-cultural child development research there is often a need to translate instruments and instructions to languages other than English. Typically, the translation process focuses on ensuring linguistic equivalence. However, establishment of linguistic equivalence through translation techniques is often not sufficient to guard against…

College students' pronunciations of initial "c" and "g" were examined in English words and nonwords, both monosyllables and polysyllables. Pronunciations were influenced by adjacent context--whether the following letter was "e" or "i"--and by long-distance context--whether the item contained a suffix or spelling pattern characteristic of Latinate…

This analysis of several principles of translation considers relationships between content and meaning, distinctive features and linguistic form, and language and speech. The dichotomies of individual and community speech patterns, situationally determined and independent language usage, and denotative and expressive usage are also examined. The…

Bilingual education has been a focus in Taiwan especially alter the educational reform in 2002 (Ministry of Education, 2003). With the educational reform, many teaching methods and approaches had been explored and implemented recently to enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. The traditional teaching approaches focused on the…

The population of English as a Second Language (ESL) learners has increased significantly in higher education settings in the United States today. It has been reported that Japanese ESL students are generally unsuccessful when studying in English speaking countries. The typical way of reading in English for Japanese students is the…

Common pitfalls encountered in the teaching of Latin composition are attributed variously to inadequate grammar-explanation approaches, ill-planned textbooks, and certain translation exercises from English to Latin. Other weaknesses, particularly the English-Latin vocabulary problem, are discussed. The author resolves problematic areas through the…

English language education in Colombia has been improved because the teachers have organized professional associations and have received assistance and support from the Colombian and United States governments to improve teaching methods, teacher preparation, and teaching materials. With the help of the University of California at Los Angeles, the…

Chinese translation to and from Japanese and English verifies the hypothesis that power differentials influence the flow and reception of translations. The Chinese tradition of translation has been characterised by fluency, but some scholars have recently advocated foreignisation for English to Chinese translation, and domestication for Chinese to…

Cross-cultural adaptation of study instruments is a difficult, time-consuming, but arguably cost-effective process. If conducted properly, it has the advantage that the translated study instruments are accurate, easy to understand, accessible, and culturally appropriate to the target audience and produce reliable and valid data. This article…

A discussion of the phenomenological approach to text translation first analyzes the deconstructive approach, contrasts the two, and then describes the elements of the phenomenological approach that offer promise for the improvement of translation. The deconstructive theory, which draws on the insights of post-structuralism on the question of…

Reports an experiment designed to throw light on the interference between the reception and production of speech by controlling the level of interference between decoding and encoding, using hesitancy as an indicator of interference. This proved effective in spotting the levels at which interference takes place. (Author/RM)

This paper, the sixth of seven, part of an interdisciplinary project on the context of reading and reading research that explores similarities and dissimilarities in the response to literature in readers from different cultures, presents the complete texts of the three stories used in the project. The stories are the Danish "Per Smed's…

The development of a new grammar of English for machine translation systems at Weidner Communications Corporation is described. Although the project began with the intention of simply modifying the grammar rules already in use in the translation system, the reorganization of the grammar was deemed necessary for providing a principled manner of…