Proportional reasoning is important to the field of mathematics education because it lies at the crossroads of additive reasoning in the elementary school and multiplicative reasoning needed for more advanced mathematics. This research reports on the representations used by pre-service teachers (PSTs) as they responded to tasks involving…

Researchers have investigated that different dimensions of word knowledge (breadth versus depth) may play distinct roles in second language (L2) reading comprehension. Yet, little research has addressed how learners' efficiency of accessing those dimensions of knowledge functions in their comprehension (i.e., the issue of knowledge availability…

Syntactic (i.e., grammatical) complexity refers to the range and the degree of sophistication of the forms that appear in language production (Ortega, 2003). This concept has long been regarded as an important construct of language proficiency and has been actively investigated in the field of second language (L2) writing. Syntactic complexity is…

Classroom role-play is an interactive learning technique with a long history of success, but current attempts to augment it with technology limit the very interactions that make this technique successful. For example, digital roleplay games often engage individual students at a computer, rather than creating rich social interactions among…

This paper reviews the idea of threshold concepts in the context of conceptual change processes students experience at the cognitive and social dimensions of learning. Literature suggests that students' ontological views play a part in the development of their prior conceptions, which could be alternative to scientifically accepted ideas. It is…

Context: Learning how to form accurate and efficient clinical examinations is a critical factor in becoming a competent athletic training practitioner, and instructional strategies differ for this complex task. Objective: To introduce an instructional strategy consistent with complex learning to encourage improved efficiency by minimizing…

The goals of this study were (1) determine the prevalence of various features of representations in five general chemistry textbooks used in the United States, and (2) use cognitive load theory to draw implications of the various features of analyzed representations. We adapted the Graphical Analysis Protocol (GAP) (Slough et al., 2010) to look at…

Previous research has reported an imageability effect on visual word recognition. Words that are high in imageability are recognised more rapidly than are those lower in imageability. However, later researchers argued that imageability was confounded with age of acquisition. In the current research, these two factors were manipulated in a…

Young children's social learning is a topic of great interest. Here, we examined preschoolers' (M = 52.44 months, SD = 9.7 months) help-seeking as a social information gathering activity that may optimize and support children's opportunities for learning. In a toy assembly task, we assessed each child's competency at assembling toys and the…

There is a significant gap in the body of knowledge concerning time-compressed multimedia instruction. Although research indicates that there is no loss in learning through well-designed multimedia instruction compressed at 25%, research is lacking that analyzes the effects of time-compression with learner-control included in the multimedia…

This report seeks answers to a straightforward question: "How hard is it to dismiss an ineffective veteran teacher?" Toward that end, the authors constructed a ten-point metric based on three subquestions: (1) Does tenure protect veteran teachers from performance-based dismissal? (2) How long does it take to dismiss an ineffective…

One advantage of using student ratings over observer ratings in measuring teaching quality is seen in the extended observation period they are based on (usually the school year so far). However, it has rarely been investigated to what degree student ratings are nevertheless influenced by occasion-specific characteristics; this is thus the aim of…

Unlike English, Korean wh-questions do not involve complex syntactic operations of wh-movement and auxiliary inversion; this study explored how this grammatical difference influenced the following two problems. (1) The literature investigating children acquiring wh-movement languages emphasizes relative ease of "subject" wh-questions…

The purpose of this research was to identify the common errors made in English writing by Malaysian Chinese primary year 6 ESL students and to determine the extent of the influence of the first language, Mandarin in ESL writing. The Mandarin language uses a logographic writing system while the English language is written in alphabetic scripts. The…

This study was conducted to explore students' perceptions of reading digital texts. To attain the objective, the data were collected through an online questionnaire uploaded in Google Form and an interview. The questionnaire was intended to collect quantitative data concerning the participants' responses about their interest and motivation,…