Large individual differences in language skills are well documented in monolingual children (e.g., Kidd, Donnelly & Christiansen, 2018). In bilinguals, the broad variation is even more pronounced. Interestingly, some bilingual children might be weak in their Heritage Language (HL, also labeled as Minority Language, Home Language, Community…

Incidental acquisition of vocabulary has been extensively studied by many researchers through various media, such as employing reading comprehension. However, there is a dearth of studies that focus on the contribution of listening to the incidental acquisition of vocabulary. The current study aims to fill this gap. This study explored the effect…

Students' knowledge of academic vocabulary is a crucial aspect of learning English as a second or foreign language at the university level. Using academic vocabulary lists could be a valuable resource in teaching and learning vocabulary. This study measured the academic vocabulary size of Nepalese university students using Schmitt's (2010)…

Although studies have consistently found negative correlations between second language (L2) anxiety and L2 achievement, the anxiety concept is criticized for the failure to consider confounding variables, particularly first language (L1) achievement, in the relationship between language anxiety and language achievement. Also, past studies tend to…

Second language (L2) listening comprehension is a function of many variables. We focused on metacognitive awareness, which we measured using the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ; Vandergrift et al., 2006), and meta-analyzed (a) the factor structure of the MALQ and (b) the relationship between metacognitive awareness and L2…

As a result of the ongoing war in Ukraine, two million children have been forced to flee their homes in order to seek safety in other countries. In addition to having a safe place to live, every child must be able to access education in order to gain the knowledge they need to meet their full potential. This is the belief at the "Let's Shake…

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the flipped classroom(FL) on reflective thinking(RT), academic self-efficacy(ASE), and achievement motivation (AM)in language learners at the intermediate level. So far, however, there has been little discussion about this subject. To this end, 429 participants were selected through…

Vocabulary is regarded as an important part of communicative language ability and a significant predictor of second language proficiency. The relation between vocabulary knowledge and communicative language ability has important implications for L2 students, foreign language teachers and educational systems. Thus, many studies have been conducted…

Critical pedagogy in ELT mainly aims to encourage learners to address current sociopolitical issues and speak up for change. Thus, encountering a real-world issue might aid in deconstructing a given order of discourse found in the textbooks and gaining a more realistic perspective. This reflective study was conducted at a Turkish university and is…

Using concordancers in English classes is demanding, time-consuming, and challenging to both teachers and learners. On the other hand, research points to the effectiveness of data-driven learning (DDL) in improving second/foreign language learning. The present study proposed a new task type, that is, DDL focus on form (FonF) tasks, as a…

This study addresses the effects of the timing of explicit instruction within the three phases of a task cycle (pretask, task, posttask) while considering learner's previous knowledge. Eight intact groups (N = 165) of French L2 university-level students (4 B1- and 4 B2-level groups) completed two tasks. Groups were formed according to previous…

In recent decades, refugee immigration has had significant impact on educational contexts in Sweden, with preschools the primary arenas for young children's language learning experiences. The present study examines second language and literacy training practices for immigrant children (aged 1-5) in preschools in Sweden. The empirical data consist…

In the past decade, creativity researchers have attempted to explore how creative fixed and growth mindsets shape creative outcomes and effort. Previous studies found a strong association between creative mindsets and self-perceptions. However, research on the relationship between creative mindsets and performance led to mixed results. In an…

Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology with a potential impact on education. Due to cost and usability limitations, it has not been used extensively. However, recent research studies suggested VR as a learning environment with benefits on students' learning performance through experience. It especially has various benefits for language learners.…

Recognising emotions, facial expressions and tone of voice and body language, expressing and managing their own emotions, and understanding and responding to other people's emotions are often difficult for children with autism spectrum disorder. Since the emotional codes of individuals with autism spectrum disorder are different, those people will…