Argues that for effective drug education to occur students and teachers must learn conditional thinking that takes into account the many situations surrounding the organism's environment. (RB)

A propositional logic game which is a subtest of the new British intelligence scale was analyzed to determine the extent to which skills proper to a single Piagetian period, formal operations, were hierarchically ordered. Item response patterns from 60 14-year-olds were categorized by means of ordering theory, a boolean algebraic measurement…

A study explored the degree to which people can capture the meaning of logical terms, using mental imagery. It was then hypothesized that: (1) subjects generally would fail to express logical relationships accurately, and (2) abstract images would be more difficult to capture than would concrete ones. Subjects, 25 college students, were asked to…

The process of generating and evaluating diagnoses and selecting appropriate investigative or management procedures is based on a constant acquisition, interpretation, and evaluation of critical findings. Common assessments of these processes are often limited to scoring the accuracy of the diagnoses, investigative procedures, or management…

The study examined the level of formal reasoning in mathematics of 70 learning disabled (LD) and 30 nonLD students from seventh and eighth grades. A review of previous research led to the hypothesis that mathematics interventions for LD students should involve concrete or pictorial, in addition to symbolic, representations of mathematical…

HYPOTHESIZING THAT CONGENITALLY BLIND ADULTS WOULD SCORE LOWER ON TESTS OF ABSTRACTION THAN ADVENTITIOUSLY BLIND OR SIGHTED ADULTS, THIS STUDY TESTED 25 CONGENITALLY BLIND, 25 ADVENTITIOUSLY BLIND, AND 25 SIGHTED SUBJECTS. THE WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE (WAIS) VOCABULARY TEST WAS ADMINISTERED TO EACH GROUP AND RESULTS SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT…

The gifted adolescent who presents himself for therapy is distinguished from other adolescents in at least two ways. His view of himself and the world is more abstract, and his identification in finding his place in a social continuum is more difficult. Yet, the gifted adolescent has much in common with all adolescents. The clinician, however,…

Recent interest in the direct, descriptive study of teaching has led to renewed attention to the types of questions asked by teachers. An important contributing factor has also been the progress made in the analysis of cognitive operations and the identification of a complex hierarchy of operations. Several observation systems developed from…

Discusses the nature of the system that keeps track of where things outside as well as inside the visual field are located. (Author/RK)

Contends that a modern theory of the composing process can be based directly on evolutionary theory as it relates to the origins and history of consciousness. (Author)

A comparison is made between the experienced scientist and the young child in their reasoning processes and methods of reaching logical conclusions. (JD)

Five arguments are presented as to the inappropriateness of Piaget's "stage of formal operations" as the final stage of cognitive development. (MJB)

Seeks to provide a conceptual framework which will illuminate the similarities and differences among major theories of rhetorical criticism. (MH)

Learning-disabled and average learners (N=52) in grades 2, 4, and 6 were asked to tell the meanings of 12 proverbs. Only at the sixth grade level was a moderately significant difference in metaphoric comprehension found. (Author/DB)