This study examines the influence of a role-taking training program on role-taking, altruism and competition in children. During a 12-week period (30 minutes a day, four days a week) 96 3- to 9-year-old children were enrolled in a social perspective-taking training program at school. A control group of 96 subjects attended a regular school…

Seven preventive health measures were studied for purposes of determining Ohio rural residents' level of participation; change in participation between 1962 and 1972; participation by farm and rural nonfarm categories; and level of participation by age, sex, educational attainment, and family size. Randomly selected from 10 of Ohio's 88 counties,…

Piaget, in describing the sequence of classificatory development, describes class inclusion as composed of two processes; hierarchical classification and post-whole comparisons. In the experiment reported here, elementary school children, trained in the concept of sets in first grade mathematics were given a task where they were required to assess…

Data from 33 studies of college student personnel workers are compared on five characteristics: sex, ethnicity, age, academic degree, and marital status. Systematic biases against women and minorities, similarity between student personnel executives and teaching faculty, and differences in proportions of married men and women were found. (Author)

Discusses the progress in the number of innovations and neutralizations in the pronominal system of Warlpiri, an aboriginal language spoken in central Australia. The changes are analyzed by age-group usage, and patterns of the changes are suggested. Part of a sample interview in presented. (Author/LMO)

Analysis of the performance of 257 adult English-as-a-second-language students on six language tests (multiple choice, cloze, listening, reading, structure) indicated that age was a significant factor on listening and structure tests and high school graduation affected performance on all tests but one listening test. (Author/CB)

This study examined the level of realism inherent in videotape and computer graphics display systems by comparing the ability of third graders, middle schoolers, and university students to estimate end states of visual transformations of spatial tasks. Their preferences for working with videotaped or computer-generated materials are also…

Describes a study examining relationships between Canadian adult women's ages, goals, literacy, and attitudes toward computers and advanced technology. Results indicate a strong correlation between technical goals, enjoyment, and technical term understanding, and a belief men are more technically literate. Recommendations are made for educating…

A study is discussed that examined the role of student aid, gender, ethnic status, academic performance in high school, and age on attrition rates, showing how each of these variables affects attrition rates during each of the 3 successive years of undergraduate education. (MLW)

The experience of siblings of a child with a life-threatening illness may be seen at the juncture of the following perspectives: (1) the family system; (2) a focus on living rather than on dying; and (3) a view toward positive adaptation rather than toward psychopathology. The most critical focus is on the sibling-patient relationship itself. (BJV)

Siblings as teachers and therapists are viewed from the following perspectives: (1) within the context of the family system; and (2) as a distinct dyadic relational system. Both possibilities and limitations of sibling helping are discussed. (Author/BJV)

Teachers completed Connors Teacher Rating Scale on 581 special education and 45 regular education students to examine effects of age, sex, and race on Cohen and Hynd Factor Analysis. Four special education subgroups obtained distinct behavioral profiles. Results support use of Cohen and Hynd factor analysis in providing clinically meaningful…

Analysis of the length of time required for limited English proficient students (N=1,548) to become proficient in English for academic purposes while receiving instruction in English in all subject areas indicated that at least four to eight years may be required for subjects to reach national grade-level norms of native speakers. (Author/CB)

A 12-item acculturation scale developed for Hispanics correlated highly with the respondents' generation, length of residence in the United States, age at arrival, ethnic self-identification, and with an acculturation scale. Language use, media preferences, and ethnic social relations were the three factors accounting for 67.6 percent of the total…

Examined Gottfredson's (1981) theory of circumscription, which states that gender influences occupational preferences from age 6 years, and social background, the prestige level of preferences, from age 9 years. Occupational card sort among 396 New Zealand children confirmed the social background theory though ability greatly influenced…