Examined effects of cognitive focusing training in early and late concrete operational children. Focusing was manifested by the late concrete operational children regardless of whether or not they had been trained. The amount of negative feedback and the nature of the probe techniques affected the manifestation of focusing. (Author/DB)

Describes a process model for sentence verification, including sentences expressing the implications of their antecedents. The model's distinctive features are the assumption that verification is based upon a focal element in the test sentence, and the comparison of this element with information corresponding to it in the antecedent…

States that recall of items given spaced repetitions is generally superior to recall of items given immediate repetitions. Reports on a test of Jacobi's hypothesis that this spacing effect is explained by the distinction between problem solving and remembering. Suggests that the effect cannot be explained solely by this distinction. (Author/MES)

Counterplans have become commonplace in intercollegiate debate, yet misconceptions abound. This article attempts to integrate thinking about counterplans with general debate theory. It reexamines the issue of topicality and sketches the basis for comparison of affirmative proposals with negative counterplans in the areas of presumption, inherency,…

Addresses both the issues raised by the recent trial in Sacramento (California), "Scopes II," which pitted evolution against scientific creationism, and the questions that stem from the trial's failure to address those issues. (Author/WD)

Monte Carlo techniques were employed to compare the familiar F-test with Welch's V-test procedure for testing hypotheses concerning a priori contrasts among K treatments. The two procedures were compared under homogeneous and heterogeneous variance conditions. (Author)

This experiment is concerned with delineating various aspects of pretraining that contributed to the improved hypothesis-testing strategies of 150 kindergarten children. (MP)

Tests the hypothesis that children will be better than adults at perceiving depth at large disparities in random-dot stereograms. Subjects were 4, 6, 8, and 25 years of age, with six males and six females in each of the four age groups. (MP)

Two techniques for interpretation of fitted log-linear models in contingency table analysis are discussed. The use of odds ratios as opposed to direct interpretation of the fitted model is argued for. (Author/JKS)

This paper is concerned with testing hypotheses about main effects, simple effects, and interaction effects by means of analysis of variance. It presents alternative strategies for analyzing data sets for which a factorial model with two completely crossed, fixed factors is appropriate. (CTM)

A statistical test for analysis of repeated measures is presented. It is shown that an appropriate chi-square statistic can be computed for related measures by taking account of the covariance among trials in computing a variance for the chi square statistic. (Author/JKS)

The effects of prior interview experiences on subsequent test responding were examined by comparing the influence of three interviewer behaviors: interviewer self-disclosure, interviewer verbal reinforcement of self-referent statements, and direct instructions to be self-disclosive. (Editor)

There is the common assumption that the viewing of aggressive films can "facilitate" aggression in individuals who are predisposed to act aggressively. Questions the validity of that belief through an examination of methodology. (Author/RK)

Examines Lerner's work on the justice motive. Central to this view of justice is the notion that people are motivated to eliminate the innocent suffering of others and will do so providing the act of help does not jeopardize the individual's ability to maintain deserved outcomes. (Author/RK)