First grade disadvantaged children were separated into classes by sex and taught by a teacher of the same sex. It was hypothesized that (1) single sex classes would score higher on reading and arithmetic tests and show a more positive attitude toward school, teacher, and peers than coeducational classes, and (2) the one all-girls class would score…

This study examines at the elementary school level four different types of instruments in order to assess their capability to measure the attitudes toward arithmetic of third and fifth grade children. The four arithmetic attitude instruments were administered using a Latin Square model and included: the Dutton-Thurstone Scale, the Dutton-Likert…

This report contains national estimates of school achievement for children aged 6-11, as measured by the Reading and Arithmetic subtests of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT). This data was obtained in the second cycle of the Health Examination Survey, conducted in 1963-65. A probability sample of 7,417 children was selected to represent the…

The previous theoretical development of the Poisson process as a strong model for the true-score theory of mental tests is discussed, and additional theoretical properties of the model from the standpoint of individual examinees are developed. The paper introduces the Erlang process as a family of test theory models and shows in the context of…

The effects of three variables on the difficulty of verbal arithmetic problems were examined. Variables included problem form, sequence of information, and problem verb. A total of 32 problems was generated, four in each of four problem forms and two sequences of information. Vocabulary words were not above second-grade level, and numbers used…

GRADES OR AGES: Grade 2. SUBJECT MATTER: Reading, language arts, spelling, writing, literature, arithmetic, social studies, science, health, art, physical education. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: In addition to a chapter on each of the subjects covered, the guide includes a suggested weekly time allotment and daily program, and an appendix…

The investigation examined the "Wide Range Achievement Test" (WRAT) and its subtests (spelling, reading, and arithmetic), as well as possible differences attributable to the factors of sex, with the "Chicago Non-Verbal" (CNV) as a criterion variable. The 1970 study encompassed 72 Indian students (with a mean chronological age…

DISTAR programs were used in learning assistance classes at five Vancouver schools during 1971-72. Those pupils who were taught with the DISTAR Arithmetic program made sizable gains in scores on the Arithmetic subtest of the Metropolitan Achievement Test, but the difference between the gains made by experimental and control groups in arithmetic…

MIDDLE-CLASS, FIRST-GRADE STUDENTS (100) WERE TESTED INDIVIDUALLY ON 4 ITEMS OF CONCEPT OF ADDITION AND CONSERVATION OF NUMBER. THE TEST ITEMS WERE IDENTICAL EXCEPT FOR THE NUMBER OF OBJECTS INVOLVED. FOR EACH ITEM, TWO PILES OF CANDY WERE PLACED BEFORE EACH CHILD AND THEN MOVED TOGETHER. THE STUDY SHOWED NO MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN THE MEAN…

Increasing availability of hand-held calculators in the student's world forces educators to take a hard look to see what course the schools should take in mathematics education. Planned research and development will be necessary in the next decade to explore a variety of options that schools may use. (Author/JP)

Data from the Japanese standardization of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale for Intelligence were used to analyze the structure of abilities of Japanese children in terms of the Burt-Vernon hierarchical model of intelligence. It was suggested that the pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses that emerged would help clarify a number of…

Reports on a study into first grade student's interpretations of the equals sign in different contexts. Argues that varying situations affect students' understanding of such arithmetic concepts, including the social interaction patterns in the classroom during arithmetic instruction. (TW)

Defines arithmetic, harmonic, and weighted harmonic means, and discusses their properties. Describes the application of these properties in problems involving fuel economy estimates and average rates of motion. Gives example problems and solutions. (CW)

The study examined basic counting competencies, difficulties, skill progressions, and variation among 36 moderately retarded and 64 mildly retarded students (ages 5-14). Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated deficiencies in basic counting competencies and systematic oral- and object-counting errors. Striking individual differences in…

Presents a rationale and activities for using teacher-made laminated strips to teach fraction division concepts. (PK)