In the first chapter Brownell critically examines the psychological bases of the three most common theories of arithmetic instruction: drill, incidental learning, and meaning. In chapter 2 the results of a nation-wide survey of actual teaching practices are reported. Chapter 3 presents a contrast between "informational arithmetic" and…

With the aim of viewing children as individuals and not as psychological problems or creatures to be taught, The Children We Teach examines the roles of child and teacher as they relate to one another and as they relate to the subject matter and learning tasks of early school years. Included are discussions of relationships among children, of…

Work Unit REALISTIC was undertaken by the Human Resources Research Organization to provide information concerning demands for reading, listening, and arithmetic skills in selected military occupational specialties and to provide information relevant to the matching of personnel literacy skills to job demands for such skils. This report describes…

This manual provides suggestions for planning and organizing literacy programs; samples and illustrations of course content; and suggested criteria for setting up such programs. The seven chapters of the manual are as follows: 1. Things Which You Can Do; 2. Learning to Talk English; 3. Reading; 4. Writing; 5. Spelling; 6. Teaching Arithmetic to…

Designed by California's Region II Office of Migrant Education to aid in training teacher aides working with migrant children, this manual outlines activities used in teaching by the aides. Each activity is described in terms of the concept to be taught, the tutorial skill required, standard instructional media, rationale for the media, expected…

The three-year impact of a remedial arithmetic program on eligible St. Louis Public School pupils was investigated. Hypotheses were tested through multiple linear regression models for analyses of covariance. No treatment effects were found. The study reveals that changes in future program evaluation designs are needed. (Author/JKS)

Examines developmental changes in the resolution of conflicting goals involved in self-evaluation among children entering second, fourth, and sixth grades who represent high, medium, and low ability levels in arithmetic. Results are discussed in terms of strategies for balancing self-assessment with self-enhancement needs. (Author/RWB)

An investigation of how secondary students coped when taught binary arithmetic through a computer assisted instruction program used four treatment groups: learner control, learner control with advice; random program control, and adaptive program control. The random group performed less well, but no differences were found between learner and…

Presents five simulation models reflecting sequential levels of children's simple arithmetic story problem solving skills. Outputs of the models are compared with data obtained by presenting 60 five- to eight-year-olds with change problems to examine models' deterministic nature. Results indicate the models give an adequate description of behavior…

In this paper, I explore two beliefs about learning and teaching that I argue are prevalent among educators. The first is the belief that subject matter expertise is sufficient for success in teaching. The second belief is that to learn a specific content area, one needs to begin with an understanding of the formal structure and abstract…

I describe a major research program on primary mathematics in the UK, the Leverhulme Numeracy Research Program, and give a sample of some of the preliminary results. The program combines large-scale longitudinal survey and case studies, quantitative and qualitative data, and observation and intervention studies in order to try to ascertain how and…

Predictors of retrieval times produced by students having difficulty developing a reliance on retrieval for simple addition were discovered. The findings support the notion that separate limitations operate in working memory when retrieval occurs and call into question the use of the term "retrieval deficit" to explain difficulties…

Zoo Zillions contains five activities for grades K-2: Annie's Jungle Trail, 3D Gallery, Number Line Express, Gnu Ewe Boutique, and Fish Stories. These activities enable children to review and practice basic mathematics skills; identify three-dimensional shapes, watch them in motion, and create their own three-dimensional designs; locate numbers…

To probe beyond declarative knowledge about real numbers in secondary school, the authors interviewed students in Grades 9, 10 and 12. The main question seems to be whether the length of a decimal expansion is "indefinite" or "infinite." It blurs the mental representation of rational numbers as well. (Contains 3 footnotes.) [For complete…

The predictive validity of reading attitude, field independence, locus of control, and demographic variables for reading and mathematics achievement was investigated. Expressed Reading Difficulty, field independence, and locus of control all contributed substantially to the regression equation. (Author/CM)