This paper discusses the concept of equality and its role in the politics and economics of distributing social goods, costs, authority, and value. Specifically addressed is the question of who is to be made equal to whom. Various definitions to be considered in answering this question are examined: (1) simple subject-regarding equality; (2)…

This report is one of five submitted as products of a "Study Designed to Assist Planning of Research on Significant Instructional Features in Bilingual Education Programs." The reports are intended to assist the National Institute of Education (NIE) in its plans for a major new research study in bilingual education. The present volume is…

Because no published glossary of audiovisual terms has yet gained international currency, there is a need to: (1) explore international acceptance of a list of audiovisual terms and definitions; (2) review current efforts to do so; (3) propose criteria for acceptable terms and definitions; and (4) recommend procedures for acceptance of…

The author reviews the literature and offers recommendations regarding the measurement and identification of creative potential. The assessment of creative thinking in measures of intellectual ability is discussed, and various definitions of creativity are cited. Measurement problems are identified and several creativity measures (especially the…

Research design is a product of the scientific method in Western Civilization whose major purposes are to eliminate the biased judgements of individual researchers and to ensure replication of the study. In general, the formal protocol of the research design includes several elements: theoretical position out of which the hypotheses to be tested…

As a basic teacher's guide to the study of plants in their environment, this document serves primarily as a starting point for outdoor education with an American Indian emphasis in the State of South Dakota. The State is divided into three broad environmental categories or "biotic communities" (Prairie and Plains, Woodlands, and Wet…

In a competency-based teacher education (CBTE) program the competencies to be acquired by the prospective teacher and the assessment criteria for those competencies are made explicit, and the prospective teacher is held accountable for meeting those criteria. Specified competencies should be those understandings, skills, behaviors, and attitudes…

Although critical thinking is a pervasive educational objective, it remains inconsistently and imperfectly defined. The present paper attempts to sort out direct attempts at defining critical thinking. Such definitions are classified as representing one of three differing points of view: critical thinking as evaluation, critical thinking as…

On the basis of educational experience and educational research, the following two assumptions have been widely accepted: students achieving the best results work differently from those who do less well, and low achieving students may learn something from the way the "good" performers approach the learning task and will thus be able to obtain far…

This document is divided into an introduction and two sections. Each section is divided into two parts: definition and synthesis. Section 1 is devoted to competency-based teacher education. The "definition" part presents 14 definitions of competency-based teacher education that have been culled from various authorities. The "synthesis" part lists…

It is necessary to distinguish the functions, services and products of various types of information services. For example, document centers, clearinghouses, referral centers, and special libraries deal mainly with information in a broad sense. The main function of information analysis centers, however, is to optimize the ratio of knowledge to…

This study attempts to present, evaluate and explain available data relative to the determination of differences in role-definition between principals and counselors. The author addresses his study to the question--to what extent is the viability of the guidance program in schools affected by role-definition and comprehension, and communication…

A selected set of terms and definitions relating to computer networking is presented in a coherent manner. An introduction gives the rationale for the glossary, defines the scope by a brief tutorial overview, and states the glossary format and conventions. The glossary is arranged alphabetically and contains about 140 definitions and associated…

There presently exists an ongoing debate in teacher education concerning the terms "competency-based,""performance-based," and "proficiency-directed." A closer examination of the meanings of these words suggests useful relationships among these terms rather than conflicts. The word "competent" denotes adequacy, suitability, and sufficiency while…

The search for a satisfactory objective definition of a culture-fair test is doomed to failure, except in the special case in which different cultural groups have the same mean scores on the criterion variable to be predicted by the test. In the general case, it can be shown that no test (except one with the rare quality of perfect validity) can…