The way in which the concept of a paradigm came to be associated with geographical studies in the Anglo-American tradition is discussed. The validity of the concept in relation to geography is examined, and whether geographical studies can be encompassed within the purview of one paradigm is assessed. (Author/RM)

Concludes that there appears to be a re-evaluating of class action litigation as a viable tool for desegregation efforts. (Author)

Four models of coalition formation are tested in a computer-controlled experiment in which three players negotiated to form coalitions in order to gain rewards for themselves. Various measures of the progress of negotiations are introduced, examined, and discussed. (Editor/RK)

The review develops a definition of self-concept from existing definitions, reviews some steps in validating a construct interpretation of a test score, and applies these steps in examining five popularly used self-concept instruments. (RC)

Continuing motivation (CM) is the tendency to return to and continue working on tasks away from the instructional context. CM is identified, defined, and approaches to measurement are suggested. Various antecedent conditions are considered emphasizing a "freedom in learning" hypothesis. Implications for practice and suggestions for…

Discusses the meanings of 10 words in their relation to language teaching. They are: educate, language, teach, learn, sociology, linguistics, politics, culture, literature, and classicism. (Text is in French.) (KM)

This review, compiled by the National Center for Homeless Education (NCHE), is based on literature published between 1995 and 2005 on issues concerning unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness. It provides an overview of the challenges these young people face and includes research about why they leave their homes, how they live after leaving,…

This collection of essays contains a brief description of the symptoms of dyslexia and a definition of the terminology. The meaning of being the mother of a dyslexic child and how to live with this "hidden handicap" are also described. Suggestions regarding how to treat persons with reading and writing difficulties are put forward. After…

Explaining what outdoor experiential education is can be problematic, as a variety of terms are being used to identify a wide range of outdoor experiential learning methods. This paper proposes the metaphoric model of an umbrella to explain the relationships existing among these terms and their respective outdoor experiential learning methods. The…

The American Psychological Association, in the late 1940s, began work to establish a code of ethics to include and address the needs of members in scientific and applied fields. Out of the ethics work emerged a set of standards for evaluating psychological tests. Four categories, or types of validity, were identified: content, predictive,…

This fact sheet uses a question-and-answer format to provide an overview of what physical fitness is and how it relates to people with mental retardation. Questions address the following topics: the fitness movement; a definition of physical fitness; the different components of physical fitness (muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, body…

This paper explores the relationship between epideictic and argument, noting that the relationship is a "troublesome" one. The first part moves toward new definitions of epideictic and argument (taking the view that epideictic rises out of human play) and locates argument on the boundary where the play-world meets the "real" or…

Given past difficulties in reforming undergraduate education through instructional innovation, recent technological innovations pose serious problems in current efforts to define scholarship more adequately and to appraise its quality as reflected in classroom instruction. The appraisal of scholarship becomes even more of a problem as the quality…

Middle school students will interact with a variety of different texts to uncover a broader meaning of reading. During the three 50-minute sessions, students will identify different categories of text materials from basic picture books to textbooks; compile a list of strategies and processes needed to read the different types of books; and develop…