This article reviews the major concerns of group counseling and differentiates among group guidance, group counseling, and group therapy. It also evaluates the research status of group counseling and presents implications for the future of this approach. Comment by Carl E. Thoresen follows. (Author)

Discussed adult education programs, the development of adult, continuing and lifelong education, and the abilities of older adults to develop their intelligence through participation in learning programs. (RK)

Over 60 terms, abbreviations, and acronyms commonly used in computer assisted language learning and instruction are defined. Included are terms pertaining to computer equipment, programs, and applications. (MSE)

Discusses operational terms used to denote Hispanic American populations; presents a typology for determining the comparability of studies of different Hispanic groups (through comparison of certain group characteristics); and demonstrates the application of the typology in comparing three research studies. (MJL)

Describes the origins of the "educational adequacy" concept, focusing particularly on state and federal court decisions and state legislation. Discusses problems involved in giving a concept an operational definition, especially the issues of adequate expenditure level, equity, adequacy measurement and certification, and…

Relates the procedures and findings of a study of minimum competency programs (MCPs) in four Ohio school districts, focusing on: (1) operational definitions of MCPs; (2) the effects of MCPs on student achievement; and (3) the usefulness of the evaluation model used in the study for local evaluations. (AYC)

Evaluation utilization/use is discussed with the concept of user rationality (including examples where the rational use of evaluation results may be unclear or may be nonuse). A current project focuses on studying the process of evaluation information use and on validating a theory of use. (Author/LC)

Teachers and researchers collaborating to implement and evaluate a pilot programme seems straightforward enough. However, unless appropriate steps are taken early to select appropriate staff and encourage shared definitions of the project's purpose, differences in understanding, as well as different priorities, values, and allegiances may…

The theoretical and practical implications of viewing difficult temperament as a characteristic of the individual rather than as a social perception are discussed, with an emphasis on an interactionist view of developmental process. (Author/MP)

The meaning of "civil rights" is discussed by various American authors and poets, including Alice Walker, Arthur Miller, Nocholasa Mohr, Felipe de Ortega y Gasco, Laura Z. Hobson, Simon J. Ortiz, Raymond Barrio, John Rechy, and Vine Deloria, Jr. (MJL)

Explores the concept of computer literacy: in comparison with the early history of written literacy and in relation to what contemporary practitioners--users from education and industry--report about their computing experiences. Discusses implications for education and society. (PD)

Defining "rural" has preoccupied rural sociologists. Two constituents of rural are suggested: "capitalist space" in the form of uneven regional development and the "mode of primary production" (including the occupational category), which is distinguished by its direct interaction with the natural environment.…

Defines marketing and discusses the eight steps of the marketing process. Emphasizes the necessity of having one individual or committee responsible for coordinating marketing functions. Notes that marketing's success depends on its acceptance by all levels of the institution. Lists the benefits of implementing marketing in a community college.…