The Career Development Responsibility scale was designed to measure the extent to which students feel that reinforcement in terms of success in preparation-acquisition performance situations in a career are considered to be contingent on the student's own behavior. The 30-item instrument was written so that two items represent each cell of a 3x5…

An attempt is made to explore the use of subjective probabilities in the analysis of item data, especially criterion-referenced item data. Two assumptions are implicit: (1) one wants to obtain a maximum amount of information with respect to an item using a minimum number of subjects; and (2) once the item is validated, it may well be administered…

This study examined the validity of the wholistic procedures used to evaluate the essays written by students in the Georgia University System as a part of the Language Skills Examination in the Georgia Rising Junior Testing Program. The plan of this study employed analytic procedures to evaluate a stratified random sample of the essays from the…

Livingston's reliability coefficients and Harris' indices of efficiency were computed along with the classical internal consistency coefficients, KR-20's (Kuder-Richardson internal consistency coefficient), for 678 criterion-referenced tests in the A through E levels of an individualized mathematics program. The coefficients were carefully studied…

The general purpose of this study was to determine the effects of similarities between stems and keyed choices on test difficulty. Unlike previous investigations of this undesirable characteristic of some multiple-choice items, the present study employed items that were unintentionally faulty and samples of examinees who were highly experienced…

The primary purpose of this study was to obtain estimates of the human attribute requirements of the job elements of the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ). A secondary purpose was to explore the reliability of job-related ratings as a function of the number of raters. A taxonomy of 76 human attributes was used and ratings of the relevance of…

The Behavioral Objectives Writing Skills Test (BOWST) was designed to provide an estimate of the elementary teacher's ability to write behavioral objectives. This instrument, which requires the teacher to develop three behavioral objectives for each of four hypothetical classroom settings, has wide utility as a teacher-training tool. It may be…

The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to measure attitude toward school subjects (GRASS) is described. An item pool consisting of 30 items was generated and refined. A 23 Likert item scale was then administered to 893 eleventh and twelfth grade high schools Ss. A principal component analysis and obliquimax transformation…

This study examined the cognitive behavior of supervising teachers and their student teachers working in a conference situation. A modified version of the Aschner-Gallagher classification system was used to code videotapes of conferences held by 15 elementary school teachers and their student teachers. Some of the 15 teachers had previously taken…

Three topics in factor analysis are covered: a) a reliability coefficient for assessing the quality of a maximum likelihood factor analysis, b) an application of three-mode factor analysis to serial learning data, showing variations in learning curves over stages of learning and individuals, and c) the use of personal probability functions to…

Besides the ubiquitous Pearson product-moment r, there are a number of other measures of relationship that are attenuated by errors of measurement and for which the relationship between true measures can be estimated. Among these are the correlation ratio (eta squared), Kelley's unbiased correlation ratio (epsilon squared), Hays' omega squared,…

Measurement properties of the written rules tests were examined to determine their suitability for assessing driver knowledge and skill. It was concluded that the tests, as measurement tools for granting or renewing a driver's license, were not adequate. Recommendations for test improvement and a sample test copy are included. (AG)

The validity and reliability of small group research published between 1970 and 1971 is examined in this paper. In response to the small group research position which gives precedence to theory over method, the author counters that placing measurement in a secondary position increases the danger of accepting claims of experiments which contain…

The authors question Burgoon's assumption that the acquisition of grades and the achievement of course goals are highly positively correlated. The major criticisms of Burgoon's study concern use of grades as measurements of success and the nature of the experimental population. The use of grades is criticized on the grounds that disparity existed…

Data required for evaluating a Criterion Referenced Measurement (CRM) is described with a matrix. The information within the matrix consists of the "pass-fail" decisions of two CRMs. By differentially defining these two CRMs, different concepts of reliability and validity can be examined. Indices suggested for analyzing the matrix are listed with…