Self-efficacy in mathematics is related to engagement, persistence, and academic performance. Prior research focused mostly on examining changes to students' self-efficacy across large time intervals (months or years), and paid less attention to changes at the level of lesson sequences. Knowledge of how self-efficacy changes during a sequence of…

In educational reform, people actively promote educational innovation by applying intelligent technology. As the main participants in education, people experience a series of psychological and cognitive changes in the teaching process. This autonomy and uncertainty will directly affect the effect of network teaching. Due to the variability in the…

This study investigated the role of expertise and personality in reactions to challenges in contemporary paintings, here operationalized as violations in syntax and semantics. Thirty-eight expert and 56 naïve art viewers appraised 20 paintings (divided into four groups, i.e. no violation, only syntactic or semantic violation, and both…

Studies that have measured pragmatic fluency in the form of planning time and speech rate, as indicators of processing ability, have confirmed that learners' processing ability and pragmatic knowledge are independent from each other. The present study is a longitudinal, developmental investigation which investigates whether the study abroad stay…

This three-paper dissertation addresses the manner in which students' intrinsic motivation to engage in academic tasks changes during the four years of college. The first paper examines the variance of students' academic motivation during college. The second paper analyzes whether good practices in undergraduate education promote academic…

Purpose: It is generally accepted that adults use visual cues to improve speech intelligibility in noisy environments, but findings regarding visual speech benefit in children are mixed. We explored factors that contribute to audiovisual (AV) gain in young children's speech understanding. We examined whether there is an AV benefit to…

Many interventions are characterized by repeated observations on the same individuals (e.g., baseline, mid-intervention, two to three post-intervention observations), which offer the opportunity to consider differences in how individuals vary over time. Effective interventions may not be limited to changing means, but instead may also include…

Proponents of character education claim cultivating virtues during schooling helps students, schools and society flourish but critics argue character education programs implicitly justify social inequality by assuming success or failure in life is due to individual character. There is little empirical research about which individual factors, such…

Background: According to self-determination theory [Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci. 2017. "Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness." New York, NY: Guilford], teachers' interpersonal behaviors would relate to students' behavioral outcomes in physical education. Although a body of…

Recent years have seen a growing research interest in the notion of directed motivational currents (DMCs) that defines highly intense motivational surges oriented to a much-desired goal of personal significance. However, the learner characteristics that induce individual-level variability in DMCs have yet to be explored. In particular, the role of…

Widely implemented in Europe over the last three decades, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been researched in some European contexts more extensively than in others, with the Norwegian context being among the least represented. This paper attempts to contribute to filling in the gap by examining the impact of a short-term CLIL…

Purpose: This case-control study sought to determine if (a) children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), other speech sound disorders (SSDs), and typical development would perform differently on a procedural learning assessment and (b) whether grammatical ability would impact group differences. Method: Communication, motor, and procedural…

These are the appendixes for the report, "How Nebraska Teachers Use and Perceive Summative, Interim, and Formative Data." This document presents additional information about the study topic: teachers' data use. It begins with a description of the conceptual framework and supporting literature for the scales in the Teacher Data Use Survey…

The current laboratory-based study examined individual differences in sadness coherence (i.e., coherence between objectively coded sad facial expressions and heart rate in response to a sad film clip) and associations with dispositional affect (i.e., positive and negative affect, extraversion, neuroticism) and age in a sample of younger and older…

Although research has established that feelings of not mattering are associated with distress, the factors and processes that contribute to these associations have not received much consideration. The current study was conducted to address three themes. First, mattering was evaluated from a motivational perspective by examining mattering and…