Compared 24 children with Attentional Deficit Disorder to a control group of 17 children with emotional problems (controls) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and an adaptation of the Coding subtest to measure short-term visual memory. Results showed superiority of the control group on the short-term visual memory task.…

The article summarizes findings of research on individual differences in reading ability, noting the primary effects of lack of phonological awareness on the ability to phonologically segment, analyze, and synthesize the speech stream. Other sources of individual differences are also addressed: early visual processes, naming processes, context,…

Describes a study which sought to determine whether memory for input language is affected by proficiency in the nondominant language. The subjects were native Hebrew speakers with varying degrees of proficiency in English. Basic and advanced subjects did not score higher with input in their dominant language. (SED)

Discusses results of a study of good and poor third-grade readers that indicates that difficulties with phonetic representation could underlie the inferior sentence comprehension of poor beginning readers. In addition, the finding that these children place greater reliance on immature processing strategies raised further possibility that tempo of…

Analyzes data from three experiments that investigated the effect of decision making on memory. Results indicated that, whether internally generated or externally provided, decisions produce a reorganization of memory traces, which produces differential accessability of supporting and contradictory facts. Also concludes that this differential…

Primary advantage of authoring languages is special subroutines facilitating educational programing; primary disadvantages are execution speed, memory limitations, and little gain in programing ease. Primary advantage of authoring systems is menu-driven editors; primary disadvantage is significant limitation in the frame-based branching programed…

Measures of prenatal exposure in 123 infants to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cord serum PCB level, and maternal report of contaminated fish consumption predicted less preference for a novel stimulus on Fagan's test of visual recognition memory (VRM) at 7 months. Preference for novelty decreased in a dose-dependent fashion and postnatal…

While six- and nine-year-olds were as good as adults in distinguishing what they did from what they saw someone else do, children had particular trouble across a range of actions in distinguishing actual from imagined doing. All subjects recalled actions according to performer; organization by person categories reduced clustering based on action…

The relationship between forward and backward digit span and basic cognitive processes was examined. Subjects were administered measures of sequential processing, simultaneous processing, and planning. Correlational analyses indicated the serial processing character of forward digit span, and the relationship between backward digit span and…

Outlines a proposed model for understanding the human information processing system, which is conceptualized in terms of three interrelated major elements--executive, working, and long-term memory--with emphasis on the structure of long-term memory. Thirty-one references are listed. (MBR)

Reviews user-adaptable learning games that can be customized for any subject, including Tic Tac Show and the Game Show from Computer Advanced Ideas, which are question-answer learning programs based on game shows, and Master Match from Computer Advanced Ideas and Square Pairs from Scholastic Inc., which are based on the card game Concentration.…

Examined which memory dimensions deteriorate with increasing age and examines the construct validity of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) (N=1,264 males and 1,141 females at six age intervals). Visual-spatial memory tasks, remembering stories, and learning pairs of associated words proved more difficult with advanced age. (JAC)

Investigates strategies of 10-year-olds and 14-year-olds in tasks requiring prospective memory. Subjects were instructed to perform activities after waiting 30 minutes. As predicted, strategic time-monitoring occurred more frequently in the home than in the laboratory. Emphasizes the power of the laboratory as a contrasting context for…

When asked to construct, from memory, the spatial layout of a large scale area, kindergarteners and third graders placed objects more accurately when they had been presented a story connecting the objects than when no story had been presented. (RH)

Suggests that even the youngest children use systematic strategies in ordering the elements of a story based on causal and temporal relationships. (FL)