The research investigated relational and analytic cognitive styles among 11 adult learners. Thirteen hypotheses were formulated and an instrument was developed to collect data on both styles. Predictions about learning environment preference were given reasonable support. (Author/EC)

Students enrolled in an introductory, audio-tutorial biology course were randomly assigned to either the control group, which followed the regular program and took pre and posttests designed for this study, or to the experimental group, which followed an identical program with additional exercises specially designed to teach higher cognitive…

A description of the rationale and the development of the BITCH-100 (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity), a culture specific test for the American black population. Experimental evidence is reported on the norming and validation of this instrument and suggestions made as to potential advantages over the traditional testing approach as…

Vygotskian theory suggests that maturation and learning are not mutually exclusive; rather together they constitute development and are thus dependent on each other and interactive. The concept of the zone of proximal development involves determining two developmental levels of mental functions for each learner--the actual and the potential…

The psychometric utility of six experimental cognitive style (CS) measures was analyzed. Examinees were 1,135 clients of the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation who, during 1985, completed at least one of the six CS tests. Information is provided on measure reliability; relationships among CS measures; relationships with standard battery aptitude…

Today's tests of intelligence are largely unchanged over the past 70 to 80 years, despite substantial changes in the way intelligence is conceptualized. The history of intelligence testing reveals that much more has been done to perfect the measurement of traits that are static and immutable than has been done to make or keep intelligence tests…

This 126-item test, the Learning Style Profile, was designed to assess 23 scales involving learners' cognitive skills, as well as emotional and environmental study preferences such as noise and temperature. It contains both verbal and pictorial items. The test was designed for sixth- through twelfth-grade students and has a readability level…

A research project was designed to test two hypotheses concerning the teaching of music notation: (1) the overhead projector would prove superior to the chalkboard as a teaching aid; and (2) the use of the overhead projector would cause students to retain knowledge better and score higher on standardized music tests. The study involved 93 students…

This 2-volume document reports on a longitudinal study of the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive ability. Previous research has suggested that bilingualism might have positive effects on cognitive ability. This study focuses on effects for "non-balanced bilinguals," those who do not have equal levels of proficiency in both languages.…

Since 20% of all college students experience communication apprehension (CA), the developmental student, distinguished by lower than average academic scores, may also experience this inhibiting fear of communication. Characteristics of the developmental communication apprehensive student indicate that a program for overcoming communication…

Three new tests presented as alternatives to the Wechsler tests for children were described in earlier papers of this session. This discussion reviews the earlier papers and comments on the developed tests: (1) the Woodcock-Johnson test; (2) the new Stanford-Binet; and (3) the K-ABC. The Woodcock-Johnson battery, state-of-the-art applications of…

The study was conducted to gain some insight regarding whether the nature of critical thinking skills in biology appears to be different than the nature of more general critical thinking skills. The study falls within the context of previous studies (e.g., research by J. P. Guilford, 1967; and M. Rokeach, 1973) that used empirical methods to…

This chapter outlines the measurement and interpretation of cognitive style using the conceptual structure of Educational Cognitive Style and the Educational Sciences developed by Dr. Joseph Hill and others. The measurement and interpretation of 36 aspects of cognitive style are discussed, as well as the use of cognitive style mapping (the graphic…

Type A behavior involves struggle for achievement, chronic time-urgency, and hostile aggression as opposed to Type B behavior, which is the absence of these behaviors. Type A behavior has been associated with the prevalence, recurrence, and future incidence of coronary heart disease. The attributions and achievement-relevant cognitions of 50 Type…

Tiryakian's "school" approach is used to analyze the evolution of Kohlberg's study of moral development over the past 25 years. The first part of the paper contrasts the paradigm approach (Kuhn 1970) to the schools approach in defining the development of the social sciences. Specifically, Kuhn's definition of a paradigm…