The question of possible racial bias in the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), the issue crucial to future tests of the constitutionality of preferential admissions, is explored with the conclusion that uncertainties in this area should not overshadow the necessity for reexamination of law school admission criteria. (JT)

In an article published in the spring 2003 issue of "Harvard Educational Review", Roy Freedle stated that the SAT® is both culturally and statistically biased. Freedle proposed a solution to this bias, which involved using a half-test made up of the most difficult items culled from complete SAT examination. His claims, which garnered…

In an investigation of racial differences on an "intelligence" test containing items specific to the Black environment, black subjects had a higher mean score than white subjects and there was no positive correlation between the Black Intelligence Test and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale, a traditional intelligence test. Thus, racial…

An examination of the limitations of I.Q. testing, the dangers of misclassification, the moral issues of testing as well as some of the legal consequences of such mishaps. Several alternatives and recommendations are offered. (EH)

The claim that tests of intelligence and abilities are the best predictors of academic success fails to examine closely the important moderator variable as test and criterion characteristics rather than as person characteristics. (EH)

An approach to simultaneous optimization of assignments of subjects to treatments followed by an end-of-mastery test is presented using the framework of Bayesian decision theory. Focus is on demonstrating how rules for the simultaneous optimization of sequences of decisions can be found. The main advantages of the simultaneous approach, compared…

This paper presents a conceptualization of test bias for standardized ability tests which is based on multidimensional, non-parametric, item response theory. An explanation of how individually-biased items can combine through a test score to produce test bias is provided. It is contended that bias, although expressed at the item level, should be…

Two factors which may affect the ratings assigned to an essay test are investigated: (1) context effects; and (2) score level effects. Context effects exist in essay scoring if an essay is rated higher when preceded by poor quality essays than when preceded by high quality essays. A score level effect is defined as a change in the score (value)…

In seeking to define and describe culturally and linguistically different exceptional (CLDE) children, common problems in distinguishing a disability from a cultural or linguistic difference are discussed. The legal mandates affecting the assessment of CLDE students are summarized. An appropriate nondiscriminatory assessment process is defined in…

Seven schools that have re-evaluated their needs for standardized college admissions examinations were studied to explore their admissions and innovative testing policies. The schools include: (1) Bates College in Lewiston, Maine; (2) Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine; (3) Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration in Cambridge,…

The study evaluated the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA), an approach to nondiscriminatory assessment, with special emphasis on its impact on educational decisionmaking and on educational planning for exceptional children. Initial chapters focus on the SOMPA's theoretical framework contrasted to traditional assessment…

At the heart of the recent drive for excellence and school reform is a call for stronger educational standards. The most ignored fact in the recent reports on excellence is that Black students are better prepared for this period of reform than ever before: Black students' test scores are improving nationwide; the gap between Black and White…

Based on 18 months of extensive research and study, the New Mexico State Department of Education developed the Staff Accountability Plan to address the issue of teacher accountability and certification. One of the provisions of the plan (a written assessment of general and professional knowledge for initial certification) will be fulfilled by…

This study was designed to determine item bias by sex on a test of spatial visualization administered to middle school students. Two chi square techniques were used to assess item bias: the Scheuneman C2 and the Camilli chi square. The direction of bias was indicated by assigning positive signs to the chi square components contributed by one group…

Differential functioning of males and females on achievement test items was studied in a sample of 110,000 students in kindergarten through grade 12. First, item parameters and ability estimates for these parameters were obtained from LOGIST computer program runs for the entire group. Predicted performance for each item for each group was…