In contrast to the three-stage theory of attitude development proposed by Goodman (1964), Dr. Phyllis A. Katz, director of the Institute for Research on Social Problems, suggests that eight overlapping but separable steps occur in the acquisition of racial beliefs. The major points in Katz's schema are: (1) early observation of racial cues; (2)…

An historical overview of African and Afro-American music, from the foundations in sub-Saharan African music to the music of the 1980s, is presented in this paper as evidence that Afro-American music is closely intertwined with ethnic identification and follows the direction of Afro-American sociopolitical change. Slave and folk music, minstrel…

To determine whether racial identity attitudes could be predicted from socioeconomic variables, 174 Black college students were asked to respond to items on the Racial Identity Attitude Scale and to complete a personal data sheet. Results indicated that racial identity attitudes and socioeconomic status appear to represent separate constructs.…

The relationship that minority group members, specifically blacks, have with their racial group has received broad attention. Some literature has focused upon effects of minority status or membership while other work has focused upon either the transformation to a positive social identity or the development of collective commitments to redress…

This study conducted with eleventh graders in the Baltimore City Public Schools was based on a correlational survey which explored the relationship between viewer perceptions of black television characters, race, racial attitudes, and viewing frequency. One questionnaire measured viewing frequency, the viewer's perceptions of eight black and…

The purpose of this study was to determine differences, if any, in the counseling relationships established by white female counselors counseling black students as compared with black female counselors counseling black students. The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and California Test of Basic Skills were…

The significance of race is increasing, especially for middle class blacks who, because of school desegregation, affirmative action, and other integration programs are coming into direct contact with whites for the first time for extended interaction. (Author/AM)

If maximal social growth and educational success are to be achieved for early adolescent learners, it is imperative for educators to become more knowledgeable of and responsive to the ethnic identification process as they design and implement instructional programs in middle and junior high schools. (Author)

Examined the construct validity of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale, an instrument designed to measure attitudes consistent with the four stages of Cross's (1971) Negro-to-Black conversion experience. Found strong support for Cross's pre-encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization stages, and little support for the construct of encounter…

Investigated content and structure of cultural values for 174 Black students attending a university or community college. Subjects completed the Racial Identity Attitude Scale, Intercultural Values Inventory, and the Personal Data Sheet. Found differences in sex, racial identity, and an Afro-Euro-American mixture of cultural values. (Author/NB)

Reports data from one phase of a longitudinal study of transracial adoptions. Assesses issues of the child's overall adjustment and the emergence of racial identity. Offers two divergent interpretations of the data. (Author/NH)

Aspects of suicide unique to blacks are: cultural expectations for males, which include repression of feelings and strict obedience to parents and elders; difficulty identifying with their race; gangs and drug abuse; poverty; and racism. These factors can cause depression, a known factor in suicidal behavior. (Author/ABB)

Discusses historical and recent writings dealing with miscegenation and the social role and significance of mulattoes (individuals with both Black and White ancestors) in American society. (GC)

Discusses the reasons for Black women novelists not allying themselves with White feminists and the differences between the two groups' perspectives. Introduces the term "womanism" to express a philosophy that celebrates Black roots and the ideals of Black life while giving a balanced presentation of Black womandom. (SA)

Investigates White Americans' responses toward Joe Louis, the Black champion. Focuses on the Louis-Schmeling heavyweight title fight of 1938 as exemplifying Louis' role as a key functionary for the American system. Argues that Louis's achieved status as the American representative fighting against Nazism did not negate Whites' negative perception…