Uses the Cross model of Black identity development as a framework for discussion of the developmental stages of American-Indian identity: pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, and internalization. Discusses identity conflicts encountered in various scenarios related to biracial or bicultural status, adoptions, mixed-race families, parent…

Examined the interaction of educational utility, academic performance, and racial identity among African American college students, identifying clusters of students with differing profiles on a black identity inventory, then relating clusters to racial ideology. Results highlighted several profiles of high-achieving African American students with…

Author answers comments made in response to his article on invisibility syndrome in this special issue of "The Counseling Psychologist." Focuses comments on the following areas: (a) the importance of the visibility component of the model, (b) the systemic aspect of the invisibility model, (c) institutional and global implications, and…

Focuses on the identity formation of Japanese students temporarily living in the United States. The students were enrolled in Japanese Saturday school and in American public schools. Student interviews reveal a mixture of Japanese and American characteristics. Suggests Japanese students do not reject either culture--Japanese or American--but that…

Examined the theoretical relationship between moral development and black racial identity development among 182 African American college students at a predominantly white institution. Student surveys indicated that racial identity and moral judgements were linked and that emotionality embedded within black racial identity statuses differentially…

Utilizes Helms's People of Color racial identity model as the theoretical basis for a case conceptualization involving a fictional Asian American male client coping with racism. Explores counseling strategies in light of the influence of racial identity statuses and cultural variables on the counseling process. (Contains 38 references.) (GCP)

Reviews the factors important in counseling Hispanic/Latino clients and three models of racial and/or ethnic identity. Applies the models to a case scenario in the areas of assessment and case conceptualization. Provides counseling considerations that are guided by the use of the identity models. (Contains 20 references.) (GCP)

This experiment examined the impact of messages about uniqueness and similarity between groups of people on Black and Latino children's social attitudes. Children (ages 11-14) read two brief science books embedded with a similarities message ("all people are basically the same"), unique message ("each person is unique"), combined similar-unique…

The author uses her personal experience as a co-facilitator of color of groups consisting of predominantly White members to discuss the literature on the group dynamics of multicultural counseling and to identify unique and common issues for diverse counselors facilitating White and culturally different race groups. Included in the discussions of…

In this article I examine my struggles as a White teacher educator creating discourse around race with my preservice students. I use my own struggles to highlight how White members of a teacher education faculty do, and more often do not, address race either with our preservice teachers or among ourselves. In particular, I explore the implications…

White students and teachers who are exposed to information about how oppression works seem to recognize that there is a problem and want to do something to ameliorate the situation. They show up for meetings of diversity clubs, attend conferences and workshops, and will speak to others about their growing understanding of how privilege/ racism…

Racial and disability identities are separate issues, yet they both contribute to the multiple social identities that influence career counseling outcomes for persons of color with disabilities. Few studies have examined the effects of racial and disability identity on the career outcomes of members of this group. This article discusses racial and…

This article examines racial identity development for white counsellors in relation to the development of multicultural counselling competencies. Changes in demographics should increase the frequency of cross-cultural counselling experiences for counsellors. White counsellors are encouraged to engage in training and self-assessment around culture…

This study examined the relationships between racial identity attitudes and religious orientation among African American college students. The participants were 270 African American college students from 2- and 4-year colleges in the Northeast. Multiple regression analyses were conducted and the results indicated that racial identity attitudes…

Research on multiracial individuals is often cross-sectional, obscuring the fluid nature of multiracial self-categorization across time. Pathways of racial self-identification are developed from a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 14-18, measured again 5 years later. A significant proportion of multiracial adolescents change…