As the visual image that is presented on television, for example, becomes more important, the minority group member faces an increasingly difficult time making image and reality converge. An examination of the work of several authors from minority cultures illustrates the possibilities that result from image exploration. (SLD)

Discusses use of the term "African-American" in the context of relationships among country of origin, identification with that country, and the American experience. Finds no association between name identification and current Black social movements. Suggests that the issue should not overshadow continued effort to gain economic stability…

Tested hypothesis that counseling students' white racial identity development strongly influences their attainment of multicultural counseling competencies using data from 128 white counseling graduate students. Students' white racial identity development, educational level, and clinical experience demonstrated moderate correlations with…

Evaluates several theories and models for their ability to incorporate developmental issues of African-American male students. Details Africentric approaches that provide useful models for the development of programs for African-American men on campus. Presents suggestions for interventions and activities to enhance matriculation, academic…

This study investigated influences on achievement motivation with nine rural, black, female high-school honor graduates. Participants reported and exhibited adaptive-achievement-motivation patterns that were mastery-oriented. Being black was a significant factor that was manifested though the goal of disproving incompetence and peer support that…

Uses social-identity theory to test the relationship between discrimination and components of ethnic identity, and attitudes toward out-groups. Results indicate that, contrary to social identity theory, a stronger sense of belonging to one's group is associated with more positive attitudes toward out-groups. (Author/JDM)

Examined the effects of racial imagery and cultural themes in reading content on the reading comprehension of 109 African-American elementary school students. Results provided some support for the hypothesis that stories depicting African-American characters would facilitate more efficient recall and comprehension than stories about white…

Nationalism, as taught in Belize schools, is panethnic and multiethnic, but because the increasingly widespread practice of ethnic mixing is not acknowledged, there is a discrepancy between what is taught and the daily life of students. Research results from 161 elementary school children show that the ethnic self-identification of children is…

Examined the relationships between 103 black graduate students' experience of the imposter phenomenon and their racial identity attitudes, worldview perspectives, academic self-concept, background characteristics, and graduate school environment. Findings partially support the hypothesis that racial identity, Afrocentricity, academic self-concept,…

Examined how changes in drug attitudes from sixth to seventh grade related to changes in alcohol use in seventh grade, noting how racial identity and participation in culturally based prevention programming correlated with alcohol use. Surveys indicated that African American students who became more tolerant about drugs were more likely to…

Explored the relationship of family sociocultural resources to adjustment among low-income African American children. Parent surveys examined sociodemographic variables, child behavior, and parent religiosity. Results indicated that children of regular church attenders had fewer behavior problems than those who attended less frequently. The use of…

Tribal and federal definitions that regulate American Indian identity and eligibility for services are varied and inconsistent. Consequently, some people with full Indian blood, no Indian blood, or mixed tribal ancestry have had unexpected outcomes with regard to tribal membership claims and federal legal identity. (TD)

This study examined the influence of racial identity and other potential factors that may contribute to African American high school students' selection of a racial peer group. Results indicated that racial identity, feelings of racial similarity, and racial composition of one's neighborhood were differentially related to peer group selection.…

Explored the relationship between parental racial socialization messages and area-specific self-esteem (home, school, and peer) among African American adolescents. Surveys of middle school students indicated that parental racial socialization messages reflecting pride and knowledge about African American culture positively associated with…

Institutions are becoming more cognizant of preparing students for global leadership through measures such as service-learning and community service. Colby and her colleagues (2003) suggest that institutions should guide students to believe that they are members of a shared social structure. Black students are a group whose civic participation has…