This essay offers reflections on Black consciousness and Afrocentrism in the United States, especially as movements in education. The paper opens by recalling the history of oppression and rejection that influences the African American heritage. Next, the essay traces some highlights in the development of ideas of race consciousness from the early…

The 1991 Winter Roundtable on Cross Cultural Counseling was the first national conference devoted to the topic of racial identity in counseling and psychotherapy. Conference papers include: (1) "A Brief Continuing History of the Teachers College Winter Roundtable on Cross-Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy" (Samuel D. Johnson, Jr.); (2) "Racial…

This paper reports on the third year of a longitudinal evaluation of the Visions for Children preschool program. An early childhood education demonstration program, the Visions program aims to facilitate the intellectual development and academic achievement of African American preschool children while strengthening their self-esteem and identity…

This study attempts to view some of the historical and social factors that may affect the development of self concepts and racial attitudes of black children in a Northern and Southern environment, and to examine the differential effect of growing up in a female-headed household on the relationship between the self concept and racial attitudes of…

This report is a brief analysis of the criteria states use to determine if there is a disproportionately high or low number of students from a particular racial/ethnic group receiving special education services, assigned to a disability classification, or placed in an educational environment. Recent information indicates that 29 states have…

This monograph documents four families' reactions to the experiences their children encounter at their urban middle school, showing how the families' interpretations are shaped by their perceptions of the roles played by the school, the parents, and the children, and how these perceptions are further mediated by their racial consciousness, class,…

When the identities of youth of color have been studied (especially African Americans), several problematic practices have been employed. Racially, African American youth have been compared to a "standard" of White American youth. From the perspective of social class, poor African American youth have been compared to the…

This case study examined ethnic identity development within inservice teacher education. Participants were 11 white, female teachers in a summer course on multicultural education. Course readings were selected and sequenced to represent the experiences of ethnic and racial groups in American society while emphasizing intergroup power relations.…

In order to examine whether name cues to race influenced job-hiring decisions and judgments about job candidates, 72 white participants read a mock resume for a fictitious job applicant. In all cases, the resume contained the same background information about the candidate; however, one resume listed an applicant with a name previously judged to…

A study was done to compare humor development in preschool children from poor Black, poor Mexican American, and middle class White racial-ethnic groups. Results suggest that, while the White group was different in the usage of verbal humor, the three groups did not differ markedly in their overall sense of humor. (JN)

Discusses the significance of two psychological variables (internal and external control) on Black civil rights in the last century. Identifies three eras: Colored-external, Negro-internal, and Black-external-internal. Reviews civil rights tactics for each era and also examines poetry as a reflection of the ideology of the times. (Author/GC)

Discusses how society can interrogate the cultural meanings of white dominance, suggesting a need to create a public sphere where the practice of whiteness is identified, analyzed, contested, and destroyed. The paper advocates a revolutionary multiculturalism focusing on the idea that identities are shifting, changing, overlapping, and…

Examined African American students' perceptions of African Americans who used Black English (BE) as opposed to those who used Standard English (SE). In contrast to results of previous studies with adults, these 96 junior high school students from the southern United States thought the BE speaker was more likable and competent than the SE speaker.…

Reviews an ethnography of the Native Education Centre (NEC) in Vancouver (British Columbia) that focuses on the degree to which NEC's programs demonstrate "Indian control of Indian education." Discusses the book's central questions and contradictions concerning who is native, use of nonnative teachers, and the role of native…

Afro-Brazilian residents of urban favelas (outlying, unincorporated slums) have established community schools in response to lack of public schools. A study of three such community schools in Salvador, Bahia, focused on social justice issues, school efforts to rescue a Black identity denied by Brazil's official "racial democracy"…