This paper examines graduate counseling students' affective and cognitive development related to cultural competence. Counseling Process and Cross Cultural Counseling, two required courses in a master's degree program at a regional university in the Midwest, were designed to provide a knowledge-base about cultural differences and to project how…

This book presents a collection of papers on microdiversity that underscore the reality and scholarship of racial difference within single individuals and groups. The book includes 22 papers in 5 parts. Part 1, "Autobiography," includes: (1) "Five Arrows" (Susan Clements); (2) "Color Fades Over Time" (Brunetta R.…

Emphasizes the integral role of tribal colleges in providing a safe environment for Native American students to obtain both academic and cultural education. Documents instances of racism that previously have acted as barriers to Indian students' academic success. (YKH)

Discusses white American ethnic consciousness in the community college classroom. Describes the Racial/Cultural Identity Development model's five stages of white identity development, through which individuals proceed from stages of cultural unawareness to enlightenment: conformity, dissonance, resistance, introspection, and integrative awareness.…

Maintains that learning about the Holocaust (and other historical incidents) from the literature of survivors provides students with empathy and understanding not found in traditional historical texts. Recommends using this material prior to objective historical study and includes suggestions for teaching. Discusses the use of other Holocaust…

Used a life history approach to examine the narratives of white, female teachers in racially diverse classrooms who were considered "aware of race and racism." Data from interviews and observations indicated that teachers' perceptions of racial awareness were influenced by: perceived identity as outsiders which enabled them to…

This article explores the complexity of racial identity in the lives of gifted African American students and argues that personal identity can only be understood through an ecological and multidimensional view of racial identity that takes into account the individual, the social context, and coping styles. (Contains references.) (CR)

Group counseling with female African American university students on a predominantly white campus is examined. An Afrocentric group approach and practical opportunities for counselor trainees and facilitators are presented. (Author)

Argues for the establishment of "African-centered" schools on an experimental basis, in direct consultation and partnership with students, educators, administrators, and the local community. Maintains that most mainstream public schools reinforce concepts and values of the dominant culture and alienate students of color. (MJP)

This article describes the current status of biracial youth in the United States to enhance readers' awareness of the increasing numerical significance of this population and the problems and issues they face, especially in identity development. Examples of biracial-specific strategies and interventions are offered for consideration by helping…

Young children from five ethnic groups completed surveys about self-concept, self-esteem, racial awareness, and knowledge of racial terms, attitudes, and preference. Anglo-American children had a viable self-concept. Most children were highly aware of distinct ethnic differences and liked all colors. Most minority children chose friends outside…

A racial identity development model for African-American and white college students is presented. It consists of five developmental stages (naive, acceptance, resistance, redefinition, internalization) and separate descriptions of the nature of each stage for African Americans and whites. Implications for teaching and administration are discussed.…

Examines community forces underlying the educational problems of African Americans and other voluntary and involuntary minorities. Community forces differentiate minority groups facing similar barriers in society and in schools. Options created by community forces allow choices of action that result in individual differences in schooling outcome.…

Argues that the strategic differentiation between education and schooling is fundamental to the maintenance and development of an African-American cultural orientation and ideology. A conceptual model is presented to link schooling with perpetuation of existing relations of power and political culture in the United States. (SLD)

A 15-year-old Navajo artist, R. D. Lee, tells about his heritage and his painting. To this adolescent, culture means believing in and living the traditions of family. Lee hopes to be known as Navajo to Navajos but still accepted as a person out in the world. (SLD)