Grading is at best a problem. Many kinds of grading have been attempted using letters, numbers, words, etc. The letter-grade techniques (typically including A,B,C,D,F) have been the most common in the United States, especially in high school and college. However, some students and faculty have been disenchanted with such techniques. Hence, other…

Presents reasons why course credit should be given for remedial courses in community colleges. (MKM)

A national survey of 223 colleges and universities with undergraduate elementary teacher education programs showed that most required a course in social studies methods but required less than the 18 credit hours in social science content recommended by the National Council for the Social Studies Teacher Education guidelines. (Author/RM)

Two field programs were developed as precedents for the inclusion of psychological analysis as a creditable element in undergraduate education. Each lets students discover in a different environment more about themselves while studying academic disciplines as well. (LBH)

Four common services offered by college alumni associations for their alumni (credit cards, telephone services, mortgages, and insurance) can provide benefits to alumni while they raise money for the institution. Considerations in planning such services include what products to offer, choice of company, customer service standards, end-of-contract…

Increasing use of credit on college campuses raises important policy questions and planning needs. Credit and debit card use varies, and most institutions are studying, experimenting, and inventing uses. Although use of credit improves cash flow, streamlines payments and services, and increases income, there are also costs to the institution. (MSE)

Discusses the need for educating youth in the role and function of credit bureaus. (CH)

College level general and subject examinations for adults are described, followed by passing scores required at several institutions, scoring procedures, and advice to adult educators. (LY)

This article identifies allowable exclusions from income, adjustments to income, itemized deductions, and investment tax credits that pertain directly to teachers. (SK)

The guide presents information on income tax procedures for people with disabilities and their families. Readers are urged to keep careful records and explain their claims. Medical expenses are described, as are dependency claims, child and disabled dependent care credits, charitable contributions and special needs adoption expense deductions. (CL)

Discusses the abuse of tax privileges by corporations and upper-income groups. Special attention is paid to the effects of interest deductions, employee stock ownership plans, depletion allowances, and leasing of tax benefits on the federal deficit. (AM)